From the manpage for smb.conf: You may list several password servers in the password server parameter, however if an smbd makes a connection to a password server, and then the password server fails, no more users will be able to be authenticated from this smbd. This is a restriction of the SMB/CIFS protocol when in security = server mode and cannot be fixed in Samba. Does this also apply to security=domain ? Might it wind up applying to an smbd that began life as security=domain, after domain authentication failed and some series of fallback options was used? I've been having a lot of trouble recently with access to our samba shares vanishing for no readily apparent reason, and being in general inconsistent. There's a 'net use' command in our NT login script which should map the Samba share as drive O:, but it doesn't seem to work the same way for everyone. Some users have no trouble, some users see a password prompt (which usually rejects their Windows password - this shouldn't be the case since we have security=domain and password server=PDC, and they have already successfully been authenticated by the PDC if the login script runs), still others just get a 'network path not found' message. Now, the PDC (there are no BDCs) got hit by the storms the other day and spent a day rebooting almost constantly. From the above manpage segment it seems not impossible that Samba may have lost the ability to authenticate from it when it went down and fallen back to a different method of authentication; this would explain why I can still access the shares (I have a Unix account on the samba server) and why other people were seeing password prompts which were then rejected (though if I have 'add user script' working right most of them should have Unix accounts by now). Can anyone tell me if this is all complete pie in the sky or whether I might be on to something? What's the best way I can trace through a login to the samba server, and what exactly is the fallback sequence for authentication when security=domain is set? Many thanks, Vicky Clarke from my smb.conf: security = domain password server = 172.17.1.2 add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd %u delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel %u unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = "New password:*" %n\n "Re-enter new password:*" %n\n "Password changed*"