Dear R users, I know, the topic is more related to the r-sig-ecology. I decided to post it to the r-help as some specific topics of my question deals with NA-values and RDA (R vegan) and an adaptated RDA code due to a specific study design (including a second matrix). I am calculating a RDA for a dependent matrix (different variables for tree performance) and different explanatory variables (species identitiy, diversity, soil data, ground vegetation). I would very much appreciate some help with my txt input file for the vegan function. As for standard RDA's I have different plots (lines, the dependent matrix) and for each plot a value for diversity, soil and vegetation (in columns, the environmental matrix). I additionally have different species for each plot (separated in columns). In standard RDA's for vegetational data you put your dependent variable (e.g. number of a specific species in the specific plot) below your species columns. Problem: I do not have vegetational data with values 0, 1,2, 3 for each plot and species. I have 6 species in total, but the plots have a predetermined diversity level (e.g. 1, 2, 4, 6). So in comparison to vegetational data I do not have '0' values. For example in my 4 species plot I have 4 species and two missing (NA) values. I have read some papers using the same analysis for biodiversity experiments, so it should be appropriate. So I decided to put the dependent variables separately in different variables and to give species values as the proportion within the plot (2-species plot: 0.5+0.5, 1-species plot: 1.0). My txt file looks like tree height - crown PA - tree biomass (all dependent variables) - 10 20 15 20 56 36 Diversity - Species A - Species B - Species C - Species D 2 0 0.5 0.5 0 3 0.33 0.33 0.33 0 Soil - Vegetation 23 43 56 78 So I changed the code for rda (dependent variable on the right of the tilde and the explanatory variable on the left of the tilde). In standad RDA the dependent variable would be on the left. I tried this, but then I was getting points for the dependent variables and not arrows. it is because RDA tried to do an RDA on the dfferent species (but there is no dependent variable, but just die identity). However, I get some error message changing the R-code: Error in model.frame.default(formula, data, na.action = na.fail, xlev = xlev) : invalid type (list) for variable 'height'. And a second problem is that I wanted to include the other environmental matrix (env). I tried to include the second matrix on the right of the tilde, but rda was producing an error. Many thanks for any hint or comments Sibylle ME<-read.table("ME_rda.txt", na.strings="*", header=TRUE) height<-ME[,3:6] mortality<-ME[,7:9] species<-ME[,11:16] env<-ME[,10:33] library(vegan) ME_rda<-rda(species~height, scale=TRUE) ME_rda plot(ME_rda, scaling=-1) [[alternative HTML version deleted]]