Dear All I have a question about combining effect sizes generated by escalc in metafor. I realise these may be stupid things to do; but they are deliberately so to explain what I mean - I don't intend doing this! I have 3 studies; each of which has a different measure of effect/presents the data differently, so I use escalc to calculate the effect size of each and combine them into a data-frame: es1<-escalc(measure="MD", m1i=10 , m2i=5 , n1i=12 , n2i=12, sd1i=2, sd2i=2) es2<-escalc(measure="RR", ai=10 , bi=5 , ci=12 , di=12) es3<-escalc(measure="RR", ai=10 , ci=5 , n1i=15 , n2i=12) es4<-rbind(es1, es2, es3) # combines the 3 effect sizes into a data frame attach(es4) # makes the data frame available to R es5<-rma(yi, vi, data=es4) # running the meta analysis here gives the error message Error in rma(yi, vi, data = es4) : Length of yi and ni vectors are not the same. But if I save this as a .csv and open it in R using read.csv("E:/es5.csv", etc) i get a data frame that looks like this: yi vi 1 5.0000 0.6667 2 0.6931 0.4667 3 0.4700 0.1500 I can run it using rma(yi, vi, data=es4) I have three questions. 1. Can escalc be used in this way to calculate each study effect size indvidually and then rbinding them into a data-frame (assuming that it is a sensible thing to do, which I realise the above probably isn't)? 2. What is the meaning of the error message: Error in rma(yi, vi, data = es4) : Length of yi and ni vectors are not the same. 3. Is it right to save it as a .csv, open it and re-run it as I have done? Thanks very much, and to Wolfgang thanks for a great programme! I am using it in my MSc teaching here for healthcare students. Edward [[alternative HTML version deleted]]