Hi, May be this helps: dat1<- read.table(text=" pbnr??????? dat? dep? dys? sop? ago? mis age female 1 10023 1994-02-21 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75? 35????? 1 2 10023 1994-05-25 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75? 35????? 1 3 10028 1994-02-01 2.00 1.75 3.00 0.50 1.50? 42????? 1 4 10028 1999-01-15 1.25 0.75 2.25 0.50 0.25? 42????? 1 5 10053 1994-03-16 2.50 0.75 1.25 0.50 1.25? 22????? 1 6 10053 1994-09-23 3.25 1.25 1.25 0.75 2.25? 22????? 1 ",sep="",header=TRUE,stringsAsFactors=FALSE) dat1$dat<- as.Date(dat1$dat) ?with(dat1,tapply(dat,list(pbnr),FUN=diff)) #10023 10028 10053 #?? 93? 1809?? 191 library(plyr) ?ddply(dat1,.(pbnr),mutate,Datediff=diff(dat)) ?#? pbnr??????? dat? dep? dys? sop? ago? mis age female Datediff #1 10023 1994-02-21 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75? 35????? 1?????? 93 #2 10023 1994-05-25 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75? 35????? 1?????? 93 #3 10028 1994-02-01 2.00 1.75 3.00 0.50 1.50? 42????? 1???? 1809 #4 10028 1999-01-15 1.25 0.75 2.25 0.50 0.25? 42????? 1???? 1809 #5 10053 1994-03-16 2.50 0.75 1.25 0.50 1.25? 22????? 1????? 191 #6 10053 1994-09-23 3.25 1.25 1.25 0.75 2.25? 22????? 1????? 191 #or ?dat2<-aggregate(dat~pbnr,data=dat1,diff) ?colnames(dat2)[2]<- "Datediff" ?join(dat1,dat2,by="pbnr") #?? pbnr??????? dat? dep? dys? sop? ago? mis age female Datediff #1 10023 1994-02-21 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75? 35????? 1????? 93 #2 10023 1994-05-25 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75? 35????? 1????? 93 #3 10028 1994-02-01 2.00 1.75 3.00 0.50 1.50? 42????? 1??? 1809 #4 10028 1999-01-15 1.25 0.75 2.25 0.50 0.25? 42????? 1??? 1809 #5 10053 1994-03-16 2.50 0.75 1.25 0.50 1.25? 22????? 1???? 191 #6 10053 1994-09-23 3.25 1.25 1.25 0.75 2.25? 22????? 1???? 191 A.K. Hi, I am new to this forum, and have a problem. I have data that looks like this: pbnr ? ? ? ?dat ?dep ?dys ?sop ?ago ?mis age female 1 10023 1994-02-21 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75 ?35 ? ? ?1 2 10023 1994-05-25 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.75 ?35 ? ? ?1 3 10028 1994-02-01 2.00 1.75 3.00 0.50 1.50 ?42 ? ? ?1 4 10028 1999-01-15 1.25 0.75 2.25 0.50 0.25 ?42 ? ? ?1 5 10053 1994-03-16 2.50 0.75 1.25 0.50 1.25 ?22 ? ? ?1 6 10053 1994-09-23 3.25 1.25 1.25 0.75 2.25 ?22 ? ? ?1 ..... And I want to know how many days each person (pbnr) has been in therapy. row 1 is first a date for person 10023 and row 2 the second but what do I do now???? Thanks for you help!! Sophie