I need to add a belated acknowledgement to my prior comments. Thomas Lumley has also been a significant contributer to the survival code. Until I moved my development from Splus to R he was the primary maintainer of the R code, he tightened up a lot of the C code to make sure it would work on multiple architectures, and added several functions. Merging our two code bases back together was a significant effort when I switched. Terry Therneau