Hi, I have searched R mail list archive and couldn't find my answers. The R extension describes how to make use of Rprof to profile R code. gprof can be also used for the same purpose for the C codes when the C codes are written independently and provided with a main() function. I'm currently writing R codes meshed with C Codes, and use .Call as the interface between the two parts. Rprof reports details of each R functions, but does not report the details of the C functions. I'm wondering if there is a way such that Rprof can report the detials of each C functions as did in gprof. One may suggest I can compile all of the C codes and write a main function, and then use the gprof. That's definitely true before I moved from .C to .Call. Since now the R codes and C codes are meshed in the same program, it does not seem a trivial job to separate the two parts neatly. We can use "R -d gdb" to debug C codes meshed with R codes. If we can also profile the C functions called by the R codes, then it will much be productive to write useful C codes. Any suggestions how to use Rprof and gprof to help me to spot a C function which I can work on to speed up my program will be much appreciated. Thanks, Yongchao