Hi, Here is a listw object z corresponding to the matrix W. I understand n, nn, S0, S1 and S2 in the weights constants summary. Is it simply so that n1 = n-1, n2 = n-2 and n3 = n-3? If this is true where they are needed? Just wondering Osmo > W [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [1,] 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 [2,] 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 [3,] 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 [4,] 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 [5,] 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 [6,] 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 [7,] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 [8,] 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 [9,] 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 > z=mat2listw(W);z Characteristics of weights list object: Neighbour list object: Number of regions: 9 Number of nonzero links: 24 Percentage nonzero weights: 29.62963 Average number of links: 2.666667 Weights style: M Weights constants summary: n n1 n2 n3 nn S0 S1 S2 M 9 8 7 6 81 24 48 272