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Matt Pelletier

2006-Nov-16 17:37 UTC

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:

$ mongrel_rails start -p 80
** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
`initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied - bind(2)
(Errno::EACCES)
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
`initialize''
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel.rb:536:in
`initialize''
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in
`listener''
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:96:in
`cloaker_''
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in
`initialize''
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:83:in
`run''
        from
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/command.rb:211:in
`run''
        from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14
/bin/mongrel_rails:235
        from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18

Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone have
the reason that these ports require sudo?

Matt

-- 
------------------
Matt Pelletier
http://www.eastmedia.com -- EastMedia
http://www.informit.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel Book
http://identity.eastmedia.com -- OpenID, Identity 2.0
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Jarkko Laine

2006-Nov-16 20:01 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On 16.11.2006, at 19.37, Matt Pelletier wrote:> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise.  
> Anyone have the reason that these ports require sudo?
I think it is pretty common to require sudo to run on privileged  
ports. I guess it might be because otherwise any user could start  
acting as the web server in the internet (assuming the port is not  
blocked by a firewall).

//jarkko

--
Jarkko Laine
http://jlaine.net
http://dotherightthing.com
http://www.railsecommerce.com
http://odesign.fi


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Brad Ediger

2006-Nov-16 20:32 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On UNIX-derived systems, ports below 1024 are privileged and can only  
be accessed as root.

On Nov 16, 2006, at 11:37 AM, Matt Pelletier wrote:
> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to  
> run mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
>
> $ mongrel_rails start -p 80
> ** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/ 
> tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied -
> bind(2) (Errno::EACCES)
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel- 0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel.rb:536:in `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in `listener''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/ 
> mongrel_rails:96:in `cloaker_''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel- 0.3.14/bin/ 
> mongrel_rails:83:in `run''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/command.rb:211:in `run''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/ 
> mongrel_rails:235
>         from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18
>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise.  
> Anyone have the reason that these ports require sudo?
>
> Matt
>
> -- 
> ------------------
> Matt Pelletier
> http://www.eastmedia.com -- EastMedia
> http://www.informit.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel Book
> http://identity.eastmedia.com -- OpenID, Identity 2.0
> _______________________________________________
> Mongrel-users mailing list
> Mongrel-users at rubyforge.org
> http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-users
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Zack Chandler

2006-Nov-16 20:37 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On 11/16/06, Matt Pelletier <eastmedianyc at gmail.com>
wrote:> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
> mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
>
> $ mongrel_rails start -p 80
> ** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
> `initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied - bind(2)
(Errno::EACCES)
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-
> 0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel.rb:536:in
> `initialize''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in
> `listener''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:96:in
> `cloaker_''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in
> `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-
> 0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:83:in `run''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/command.rb:211:in
> `run''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:235
>         from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18
>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?
>
> Matt
>
> --
> ------------------
> Matt Pelletier
> http://www.eastmedia.com -- EastMedia
> http://www.informit.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel
> Book
>  http://identity.eastmedia.com -- OpenID, Identity 2.0
> _______________________________________________
> Mongrel-users mailing list
> Mongrel-users at rubyforge.org
> http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-users
>
>
Matt,

Port numbers 0 to 1024 are reserved for privileged services and
designated as well-known ports.

Here is a list:
http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/portnumbers.asp

sudo is required to protect against interference with core services
like ssh, http, example.

Hope this helps.

--
Zack Chandler
http://depixelate.com

Kirk Haines

2006-Nov-16 20:37 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On 11/16/06, Matt Pelletier <eastmedianyc at gmail.com>
wrote:> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
> mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
[snip]> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?
Because the first 1024 ports are priveledged ports on unix-like
operating systems.   Regular users can''t use them.  It''s not a
Mongrel
issue.


Kirk Haines

Ezra Zygmuntowicz

2006-Nov-16 20:42 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

Matt-

	All unix style operating systems require root access to use any port  
less than 1024. Its just a fact of life on any linux, bsd or osx system.

Cheers-
-Ezra


On Nov 16, 2006, at 9:37 AM, Matt Pelletier wrote:
> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to  
> run mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
>
> $ mongrel_rails start -p 80
> ** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/ 
> tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied -
> bind(2) (Errno::EACCES)
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel- 0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel.rb:536:in `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in `listener''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/ 
> mongrel_rails:96:in `cloaker_''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel- 0.3.14/bin/ 
> mongrel_rails:83:in `run''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/ 
> mongrel/command.rb:211:in `run''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/ 
> mongrel_rails:235
>         from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18
>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise.  
> Anyone have the reason that these ports require sudo?
>
> Matt
>
> -- 
> ------------------
> Matt Pelletier
> http://www.eastmedia.com -- EastMedia
> http://www.informit.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel Book
> http://identity.eastmedia.com -- OpenID, Identity 2.0
> _______________________________________________
> Mongrel-users mailing list
> Mongrel-users at rubyforge.org
> http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-users
-- Ezra Zygmuntowicz 
-- Lead Rails Evangelist
-- ez at engineyard.com
-- Engine Yard, Serious Rails Hosting
-- (866) 518-YARD (9273)

Zed A. Shaw

2006-Nov-16 21:08 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On Thu, 16 Nov 2006 12:37:16 -0500
"Matt Pelletier" <eastmedianyc at gmail.com> wrote:
> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
> mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
<snip>> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?
That''s from the old days where everyone liked everyone on the internet
and only trusted people ran the computers.  Back then, if a service was running
below 1024 it could only be run by root, and since only trusted professionals
could become root it meant the service was more likely to be safe.

Of course we now know that''s all a bunch of horseshit, but
that''s the way it is.

The "fix" is to run it with sudo, but tell mongrel to become you
afterwards:

sudo mongrel_rails start -p 80 --user mattp --group users

Then, it''ll bind to port 80, but still run as you so your file
permissions aren''t all screwed up later.

-- 
Zed A. Shaw, MUDCRAP-CE Master Black Belt Sifu
http://www.zedshaw.com/
http://www.awprofessional.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel Book
http://mongrel.rubyforge.org/
http://www.lingr.com/room/3yXhqKbfPy8 -- Come get help.

Kevin Williams

2006-Nov-16 21:11 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

That''s standard UNIX rules. You should find the same behavior on *BSD
or Linux.

On 11/16/06, Matt Pelletier <eastmedianyc at gmail.com>
wrote:> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
> mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
>
> $ mongrel_rails start -p 80
> ** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
> `initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied - bind(2)
(Errno::EACCES)
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-
> 0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel.rb:536:in
> `initialize''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in
> `listener''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:96:in
> `cloaker_''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in
> `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-
> 0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:83:in `run''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/command.rb:211:in
> `run''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:235
>         from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18
>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?
>
> Matt
>
> --
> ------------------
> Matt Pelletier
> http://www.eastmedia.com -- EastMedia
> http://www.informit.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel
> Book
>  http://identity.eastmedia.com -- OpenID, Identity 2.0
> _______________________________________________
> Mongrel-users mailing list
> Mongrel-users at rubyforge.org
> http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-users
>
>

-- 
Cheers,

Kevin Williams
http://www.almostserio.us/

"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from
Magic." - Arthur C. Clarke

Philip Hallstrom

2006-Nov-16 21:25 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
> mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
>
> $ mongrel_rails start -p 80
> ** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
> `initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied - bind(2)
(Errno::EACCES)
>       from 
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
> `initialize''
>       from 
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel.rb:536:in
> `initialize''
>       from 
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in
> `listener''
>       from 
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:96:in
> `cloaker_''
>       from 
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in
> `initialize''
>       from 
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:83:in
> `run''
>       from 
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/command.rb:211:in
> `run''
>       from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14
> /bin/mongrel_rails:235
>       from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18
>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?
This is the way it is on all unixes...  ports under 1024 tend to be "well 
known".  25 for smtp, 80 for http.  So the OS won''t let you use
that port
unless you are root so that joe-random-user can''t start up some
subversive
web server on that port...

-philip

Jan Svitok

2006-Nov-16 21:46 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On 11/16/06, Matt Pelletier <eastmedianyc at gmail.com>
wrote:> I assume some of you have run into this error before when trying to run
> mongrel on port 80 (or another port < 1024) in OSX:
>
> $ mongrel_rails start -p 80
> ** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:80
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in
> `initialize_without_backlog'': Permission denied - bind(2)
(Errno::EACCES)
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-
> 0.3.14/lib/mongrel/tcphack.rb:12:in `initialize''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel.rb:536:in
> `initialize''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:128:in
> `listener''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:96:in
> `cloaker_''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/configurator.rb:51:in
> `initialize''
>         from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-
> 0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:83:in `run''
>         from
>
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/lib/mongrel/command.rb:211:in
> `run''
>         from
> /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-0.3.14/bin/mongrel_rails:235
>         from /usr/local/bin/mongrel_rails:18
>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?
This is standard unix behaviour - only root can bind ports < 1024 -
they are called "privileged". The reason is because these ports are
reserved for servers -HTTP, FTP, etc. and therefore it is desirable
that only trusted users (=root) can run them.

David Vrensk

2006-Nov-16 22:11 UTC

head link

[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On 11/16/06, Matt Pelletier <eastmedianyc at gmail.com>
wrote:>
> Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise. Anyone
have
> the reason that these ports require sudo?

I suppose you could say that there is a historical reason.  Un*x machines
used to be multiuser computers with lots of users logged in over terminals
or phone lines, and not all users could be perfectly trusted.  Some of them
would have loved to overload the telnet service (port 23) to make it crash,
and then replace it with their own hacked version that would snoop on
people''s passwords.  By protecting certain ports (< 1024), everyone
could
safely assume that if they contacted a trusted host (e.g. one operated by
their university) on those ports, whatever process answered would be owned
by root.  This extended trust was used for other services too, like rlogin,
which allows a user to login on a remote host without a password if the two
hosts trust each other.

This security model is generally frowned upon today, but it does ensure that
on a UN*X-based web hotell, the web server is run by the management and not
by a random user.

/David
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Matt Pelletier

2006-Nov-16 22:15 UTC

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[Mongrel] OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

On 11/16/06, Jarkko Laine <jarkko at jlaine.net>
wrote:>
>
> On 16.11.2006, at 19.37, Matt Pelletier wrote:
> > Mongrel runs without sudo on all other ports > 1024 otherwise.
> > Anyone have the reason that these ports require sudo?
>
> I think it is pretty common to require sudo to run on privileged
> ports. I guess it might be because otherwise any user could start
> acting as the web server in the internet (assuming the port is not
> blocked by a firewall).

Yeah, one of those ''look before asking'' situations. Thanks.

//jarkko>
> --
> Jarkko Laine
> http://jlaine.net
> http://dotherightthing.com
> http://www.railsecommerce.com
> http://odesign.fi
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mongrel-users mailing list
> Mongrel-users at rubyforge.org
> http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/mongrel-users
>
>
>

-- 
------------------
Matt Pelletier
http://www.eastmedia.com -- EastMedia
http://www.informit.com/title/0321483502 -- The Mongrel Book
http://identity.eastmedia.com -- OpenID, Identity 2.0
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Steven Lumos

2006-Nov-17 20:42 UTC

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[Mongrel] [OT] Re: OSX requires sudo for using ports < 1024

Ezra Zygmuntowicz <ezmobius at gmail.com> writes:> Matt-
>
> 	All unix style operating systems require root access to use any port  
> less than 1024. Its just a fact of life on any linux, bsd or osx system.
>
> Cheers-
> -Ezra
In Solaris you can give a non-root process privilege to bind a
reserved port, revoke the privilege after the bind, and even take away
it''s privilege to fork and exec while you''re at it.

Steve

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