Hi, You can so something like this XX <- data.frame(x=1:10,y=rbinom(10,3,0.5)) sapply(XX,rep,XX[,2]) HTH (if this do what you really want) Thomas -----Urspr?ngliche Nachricht----- Von: Michael Friendly [mailto:friendly at yorku.ca] Gesendet: Do 25.09.2003 19:14 An: r-help Cc: Betreff: [R] ungrouping grouped data I'm sure this is probably simple, but I can't find an answer... I have a data frame (Galton's data on heights of parents and children), in grouped form, parent child frequency 73.5 72.2 1 73.5 73.2 3 72.5 68.2 1 72.5 69.2 2 72.5 70.2 1 72.5 71.2 2 72.5 72.2 7 72.5 73.2 2 72.5 74.2 4 71.5 65.2 1 71.5 66.2 3 71.5 67.2 4 71.5 68.2 3 71.5 69.2 5 71.5 70.2 10 ... and need the ungrouped equivalent, where each input observation appears the number of times represented by its frequency. In SAS this would be data galton2; set galton; do i=1 to frequency; output; end; I can replicate this in R, but surely there must be an easier way. (In APL2 it would be frequency\[1]galton) thanks, -Michael -- Michael Friendly Email: friendly at yorku.ca Professor, Psychology Dept. York University Voice: 416 736-5115 x66249 Fax: 416 736-5814 4700 Keele Street http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/friendly.html Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3 CANADA ______________________________________________ R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://www.stat.math.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help