I am analyzing data on a study of the effects of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) on cognitive function, as measured by a score from an objective test. I have 140 people who receive the CABG surgery and 92 controls, with four measurements of cognitive function over time (at 0, 3, 12 and 36 months). I have fitted a linear mixed model using lme with a random intercept for subject and a random slope over time. I have fixed effects for treatment, time and a learning effect, plus interactions between time and treatment, and learning effect and treatment. This model estimates one 2x2 covariance matrix for the random effects. My problem is that I wish to estimate a 2x2 random effects covariance matrix for each treatment group. I have tried putting treatment and time by treatment interaction terms into the random effects (assuming a diagonal covariance matrix), but am unsure whether this is correct. Could anyone recommend another approach? Thanks for your help, Sarah Barry, MS Research Associate Johns Hopkins Department of Biostatistics Bloomberg School of Public Health Phone: 410-614-1892 FAX: 410-955-0958 [[alternative HTML version deleted]]