Dear Claudia:
Your question has many layers.
Technically speaking, when I do "2011-05-01 CEST" -"2011-04-01
CEST" I get:
> "2011-05-01 CEST" -"2011-04-01 CEST"
Error in "2011-05-01 CEST" - "2011-04-01 CEST" :
non-numeric argument to binary operator
As previous posters suggest, storing the date strings as Date objects
works because Date objects work in units of days:> d1 <- as.Date("2011-05-01 CEST")
> d0 <- as.Date("2011-04-01 CEST")
> d1-d0
Time difference of 30 days> d1-30
[1] "2011-04-01"
R's POSIX objects conform to global time standards and therefore store
their values in units of seconds (and arguably fractions
thereof):> d1 <- as.POSIXct("2011-05-01 CEST")
> d0 <- as.POSIXct("2011-04-01 CEST")
> d1-d0
Time difference of 30 days> d1-30
[1] "2011-04-30 23:59:30 PDT"
i.e., 30 seconds before midnight.
To subtract time from POSIX objects in units of days, you can use a
difftime object:> d1-as.difftime(30, units="days")
[1] "2011-04-01 PDT"
One "day" does not necessarily equal 60*60*24 seconds because of leap
seconds and because of daylight savings time in certain regions.
Luckily, the POSIX standard accounts for those differences so you
should be more confident in using a difftime object for day operations
on POSIX objects rather than the 60*60*24 approximation.
The longest time units with which difftime objects work is "weeks".
"months" is an ambiguous unit because a month is not always 30 days or
4 weeks; "years" is ambiguous because a year is not always 365 days or
52 weeks or 12 months.
To accommodate "months" and "years", the mondate package on
CRAN
defines 'mondate' objects that store dates in units of the fraction of
the month that the close of business on that date represents relative
to the month it is in. Its primary users are financial analysts. There
are methods to convert between Dates, POSIX objects and mondate's.
Here's your example with that package:> library(mondate)
> d1 <- mondate("2011-05-01 CEST")
> d1 - 1 # subtract one month
mondate: timeunits="months"
[1] 2011-04-01
Regards,
Dan Murphy
*Message: 1
*Date: Tue, 30 Oct 2012 11:25:39 +0100
*From: paladini <paladini at beuth-hochschule.de>
*To: <r-help at r-project.org>
*Subject: [R] subtract a time period from a date*
*Message-ID: <da0fe68e813f16a23fae69a3398e0f45 at beuth-hochschule.de>
*Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed*
*
*Hello everybody,
*how can I reduce e.g. 30 days from a date?*
*When I do the following "2011-05-01 CEST" -"2011-04-01
CEST" I get:
*"Time difference of 30 days"
*an thats fine.
*
*But when I try "2011-05-01 CEST" - 30 I get nonsense.
*So how can I subtract some days, month or years from a date?
*
*
*
*thanking you in anticipation
*
*
*Claudia Paladini
