samba - Jun 2007 - Samba-AD HowTo Was: RE: Can't get single sign on to workafter joining linux toan AD domain

For everyone else's reference, John just gave me a call and issued a
challenge to put my money where my (big) mouth is.  So i'll be doing some
work on the documentation in the next little while, specifically to do with
adding Samba member servers to an AD infrastructure.  If you have
troubleshooting tips you picked up, or suggestions of things that need to be
included, please let me know.

We shall see if i have bitten off more than i can chew  :)

i would also like to thank John publicly for the care that he obviously takes to
make sure that the Samba experience is a pleasant one for the rest of us n00bs.

Cheers,

m.


-----Original Message-----
From: samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org
[mailto:samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org]On Behalf Of John
H Terpstra
Sent: Wednesday, 27 June 2007 11:34 AM
To: samba@lists.samba.org
Subject: Re: Samba-AD HowTo Was: RE: [Samba] Can't get single sign on to
workafter joining linux toan AD domain


I am the author of Samba3-ByExample - so I'll take the bait.

On Tuesday 26 June 2007 20:25, Address for list subcriptions
wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> i've just gone through a fairly long and involved troubleshooting
process
> trying to do something similar to the problem described below and just as a
> general observation, the documentation available for joining a Samba Server
> to an AD domain tends to be disjointed and difficult to find.  The Samba By
> Example doesn't really mention Samba in an AD network at all 
OK. That suprises me greatly. The second edition - chapter 7, section 7.3.4 
deal specifically with that. What makes you think it does not?
> and the 
> Official HOWTO is useful but somewhat limited.  Is there an effort underway
> to bring this all together in an AD HOWTO at all?
You offer to help fix this is most appreciated. Please send me your patches.
> i would be happy to lend my ignorance to any efforts in that direction as a
> pair of eyes with very little Samba knowledge behind them (i'm a
Windows
> Admin by trade).  i considered attempting to write it myself but i'm
not
> sure that my experience would be sufficient to make a decent job of it.
If nothing else, it will help you to articulate your problem so that we can 
understand what may be missing from the current documentation.
> Perhaps someone from the Samba team could comment, or contact me regarding
> producing an AD integrated Samba HOWTO.  As i said, i'm happy to
provide
> what assistance i can or if required, to make the attempt on my own at
> least to get a first draft together.  i'll warn you though, my drafts
may
> be in MS Word format  ;)
Yuck! What a sordid choice! Not even OpenOffice? ;-)
> Finally, if i'm missing some critical URL and the doco i'm after is
just
> sitting there waiting for me to find it, would someone please point it out?
>  Please?
I thought I did.

- John T.
> Cheers,
>
> m.
>
> Michael Cleghorn
> System & Network Administrator
>
> Risk Management Technologies
> 5 Ventnor Avenue
> West Perth  WA  6005
> AUSTRALIA
>
> Tel: +61 8 9322 1711
> Fax: +61 8 9322 1794
>
> Web: www.rmt.com.au
>
> Please Note: The contents of this e-mail transmission are intended solely
> for the named recipients and may be confidential, privileged, or otherwise
> protected from disclosure in the public interest. The use, reproduction,
> disclosure, or distribution of the contents of this e-mail transmission by
> any person other than the named recipients is expressly prohibited. If you
> are not a named recipient please notify the sender immediately.
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org
> [mailto:samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org]On Behalf Of
> Henrik Zagerholm
> Sent: Wednesday, 27 June 2007 2:49 AM
> To: Justin Ehrlichman
> Cc: samba@lists.samba.org
> Subject: Re: [Samba] Can't get single sign on to work after joining
> linux toan AD domain
>
>
> First of all that guide is faulty as you need security = ADS and not
> Domain.
> I think you should look at the Samba By Example or the official How-
> To on samba.org
>
> If you then have problems/questions please post them here.
>
> Cheers,
> henrik
>
> 26 jun 2007 kl. 18:54 skrev Justin Ehrlichman:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I am trying to join PClinuxOS 2007 to an Active Directory domain, I
> > was able to get it to join following a guide  off of Linux
> > Magazine's website. I can't post the URL because you need to
be
> > registered to view the article so I have taken the liberty of
> > copying and pasting the article at the end of this message. Anyways
> > what is happening is while I was able to get linux to "join"
the
> > domain, I am still unable to sign onto the linux box with one of
> > the domain user accounts.  When I do an wbinfo -g I am able to see
> > all the domain groups. I am also able to view all the users using
> > the -u switch. We are running Windows Server 2003 R2, I would post
> > log files but I am not exactly sure where or what to look for.
> > Here is the copy of the article as promised:
> >
> > /Listing One: smb.conf options for Winbind
> >
> > workgroup= MYWG
> >
> > security= Domain
> >
> > encrypt passwords= Yes
> >
> > password server= 192.168.1.1
> >
> > winbind use default domain= Yes
> >
> > idmap uid= 2000-25000
> >
> > idmap gid= 2000-25000
> >
> > template shell= /bin/bash
> >
> > template homedir= /home/% U
> >
> > The first four lines in Listing One are fairly straightforward, and
> > might appear on any Samba server on the network. They set the
> > workgroup/domain name, tell Samba to use domain-level security,
> > enable encrypted passwords, and specify the password server system
> > (that is, the domain controller). The remaining lines in this
> > listing set Winbind-specific options.
> >
> > *The idmap uid and idmap gid options set the range of UID and GID
> > numbers that Winbind (its NSS components, specifically) may assign.
> > These UID and GID values should not be used by local users, but you
> > can change them from the values set in Listing One, if you like.
> > These options are necessary because NT domain controllers don't
> > maintain Linux-style UID and GID numbers, so Winbind must make
> > these values up itself.
> >
> > *The template shell and template homedir options set the default
> > shell and home directory. The %U in the latter option stands in for
> > the username. As with idmap uid and idmap gid, these options are
> > necessary because NT domain controllers don't maintain the
> > information.
> >
> > While you've now told your Linux system how to find the domain
> > controller and manage accounts, you must still join the domain ---
> > that is, notify the domain controller about the new member. This
> > can be done using the net command:
> > # net join member --U adminuser
> >
> > When you type this command, adminuser is the username of an
> > administrative user on the domain controller. On Windows systems,
> > this is likely to be Administrator. On domain controllers that use
> > Linux and Samba, it could be something else, so check your domain
> > controller configuration. Samba domain controllers may also need a
> > machine trust account that's been prepared on the domain
controller
> > itself. (Samba domain controller configuration is well beyond the
> > scope of this article.)
> >
> > Running the Daemon
> >
> > At this point, you can start running the Winbind daemon, winbindd:
> > # /usr/sbin/winbindd --i
> >
> > This command runs the daemon and (because of the --i option) sends
> > log information to standard output rather than to a log file.
> > Launching the daemon in this way works well for testing, but in the
> > long term, you're better off putting this command (without the --i
> > option) in a startup script. In fact, if you installed Winbind from
> > a Linux package, it should have come with a System V- like startup
> > script to start Winbind, so look for such a script and use your
> > distribution's System V package management utilities (such as
> > chkconfig or rc-update) to activate it in your default runlevel.
> >
> > The Winbind daemon manages the actual connection to the domain
> > controller. PAM and NSS then consult this daemon to do their jobs.
> > You can check basic operations using the wbinfo command. The --t
> > option causes this program to check the basic connection of Winbind
> > to the domain controller. It should return a message like this:
> > $ wbinfo --t
> > checking the trust secret via RPC calls
> > succeeded
> >
> > You can also use the --u option to obtain a list of accounts
> > managed by the domain controller. If one or both of these calls
> > fail, review your configuration and consult your log files for
> > clues about what's going wrong.
> >
> > Configuring PAM
> >
> > PAM is controlled through files in /etc/pam.d/. For the most part,
> > these files control how specific programs interact with PAM.
> >
> > For instance, /etc/pam.d/login tells the login program how to use
> > PAM. These configurations vary greatly from one distribution to
> > another, but they all consist of a series of stacks --- auth,
> > account, session, and password. Each stack consists of one or more
> > lines that begin with the relevant keyword. Each stack manages a
> > particular sub-task, such as authentication (auth) or verifying
> > account accessibility (account).
> >
> > Modifying a PAM configuration to include a new authentication tool,
> > such as Winbind, is a matter of adding lines to one or more of the
> > auth and account stacks, and possibly modifying other lines.
> > Listing Two shows a typical PAM configuration file with Winbind
> > support added. New lines or amendments to existing lines are
> > highlighted in bold.
> > Listing Two: A typical PAM configuration file with Winbind support
> > auth requisite pam_securetty.so
> > auth requisite pam_nologin.so
> > auth required pam_env.so
> > B
> > auth required pam_unix.so nullok B
> > account requisite pam_time.so
> > B
> > account required pam_unix.so
> > session required pam_unix.so
> > session optional pam_lastlog.so
> > session optional pam_motd.so
> > session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv
> > password required pam_unix.so nullok min=6 max=255 md5
> >
> > This configuration adds lines to the auth and account stacks,
> > inserting a call to pam_winbind.so just before a call to
> > pam_unix.so. These calls are marked as sufficient, meaning that if
> > Winbind gives its OK, subsequent modules need not succeed. This is
> > very important when combining multiple authentication tools, such
> > as Winbind and pam_unix.so (which is the standard tool that
> > validates users against /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow).
> >
> > Other modules called in these stacks don't actually verify
> > passwords; instead, they perform additional checks, such as
> > verifying that root isn't logging in via telnet. You might
> > optionally want to add another line to the end of the session stack:
> > session required pam_mkhomedir.so
> > skel=/etc/skel umask=0027
> >
> > (This line has been split for publication purposes, and should be
> > recombined into a single line if you add it.) This automatically
> > creates a home directory for the user if one doesn't exist. This
> > can be handy if you want users to be able to log into the Linux
> > system without your having to manually create home directories for
> > them.
> >
> > On some distributions, you must change the PAM configuration files
> > for all of the services that you want to use Winbind. For instance,
> > if you want to use domain accounts for text-mode console logins,
> > logins via the GNOME Display Manager (GDM), for X screensaver
> > password prompts, and for POP mail retrieval, you would have to
> > modify the login, gdm, xscreensaver, and pop files in /etc/pam.d/.
> > This can be tedious, so some distributions use a module called
> > pam_stack.so instead of pam_unix.so. The pam_stack.so module calls
> > an entire stack of PAM modules itself, as specified in the file
> > defined by the service= option to this module (typically /etc/pam.d/
> > system-auth). The end result is that, if your system uses
> > pam_stack.so, you can probably modify system-auth rather than all
> > of the other files. This can be a great time-saver, but if you want
> > to use Winbind for some services but not others, you'll still have
> > to modify the individual files.
> >
> > One service requires a special note: passwd. This service (and its /
> > etc/pam.d/passwd configuration file) controls how the passwd
> > command interacts with PAM. For a Winbind configuration, it's
> > probably best to leave this configuration alone. Users can then use
> > the passwd command to change their local passwords (if they exist),
> > and use smbpasswd to change their passwords on the domain
> > controller. Alternatively, if you add a call to pam_winbind.so to
> > the password stack, then the passwd command changes the password on
> > the domain controller.
> >
> > If a server or other program is running, you may need to restart it
> > before you can use any new authentication tools you've defined in
> > PAM. In the case of many login tools, logging in and then logging
> > out again does the trick. You may need to restart some servers via
> > their startup scripts, though.
> >
> > Configuring NSS
> >
> > At this point, your system should be able to use the NT domain
> > controller for authenticating users; however, they must still have
> > accounts defined locally, in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. Thus,
> > implementing this system isn't likely to save a lot of effort.
> >
> > The final step is to link NSS to Winbind. You can do this by
> > editing the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Look for two lines in this
> > file that begin with passwd and group, and add the string winbind
> > to these lines. These two lines are ordinarily separated by one
> > called shadow, but you don't modify that line. The result might
> > look something like this:
> > passwd: files winbind
> > shadow: files
> > group: files winbind
> >
> > Some distributions use other options instead of or in addition to
> > files; compat is one popular alternative. The key is to add winbind
> > to the passwd and shadow lines, rather than use precisely the
> > configuration shown here.
> >
> > When you're done with this, NSS will use both its original
> > configuration and Winbind for the purposes for which /etc/passwd
> > and /etc/shadow are normally used. This will enable you to use your
> > normal Linux-only local accounts and groups, such as root and any
> > users you want to define locally, without the help of the domain
> > controller.
> >
> > While you're modifying /etc/nsswitch.conf, you might want to
change
> > one other line: hosts. This line tells the system what tools to use
> > to resolve hostnames. If you add wins to this line, Linux will use
> > NetBIOS name resolution methods in addition to any other methods
> > (such as /etc/hosts and DNS). The order of items on this line
> > defines the order Linux uses.
> >
> > For instance, you might end up with a line like this:
> > hosts: files wins dns
> >
> > This configuration isn't strictly necessary, and it requires its
> > own library (libnss_wins.so, installed much like libnss_winbind.so,
> > as described earlier). Still, it can be handy if your system is
> > running on a network that uses NetBIOS names locally and you don't
> > want to maintain all your local names in /etc/hosts or run a local
> > DNS server.
> >
> > You needn't restart anything to have NSS begin using the new
> > configuration you've specified in /etc/nsswitch.conf. You may want
> > to check that the NSS portion of the configuration is working by
> > using getent. This command returns information on user and group
> > database entries. In particular, typing getent passwd returns user
> > information, and getent group returns group information. On Linux
> > systems with default configurations, these commands' outputs are
> > similar to what you'd get by typing cat /etc/passwd or cat /etc/
> > group. On a system with a working Winbind NSS configuration, you
> > should see the contents of these files plus accounts maintained by
> > the NT domain controller. If you don't see these accounts, review
> > your configuration and consult your log files (on both the Linux
> > system and the domain controller) for clues.
> >
> > Testing the Configuration
> >
> > At this point, everything should be working, and you should have
> > tested the Winbind and NSS subsystems. To test PAM and everything
> > else, you should try an ordinary login using a domain account ---
> > that is, one that's defined on the domain controller but not on
the
> > local system. You can do this via whatever login methods you chose
> > to configure in PAM, and in fact you should test all of these login
> > methods, to be sure there's not a problem with some of them but
not
> > others.
> >
> > Be sure to test both valid and invalid logins, that is, correct
> > usernames and passwords, correct usernames and incorrect passwords,
> > and incorrect usernames. Some configurations will enable anybody to
> > log in, using correct or incorrect passwords. Presumably that's
not
> > what you want to do! You should also test your local accounts while
> > you're at it --- some types of configurations will disable those
> > accounts, but you should leave them enabled. If nothing else, root
> > should be defined locally, not via the domain controller.
> >
> > Roderick W. Smith is the author or co-author of over a dozen books,
> > including Linux in a Windows World and The Definitive Guide to
> > Samba 3. He can be reached at rodsmith@rodsbooks.com.
> > /
> > --
> >
> > Justin Ehrlichman
> >
> > Computer Technician
> >
> > Online Stores Inc.
> >
> > 724-925-5600 ext 610
> >
> > Justin.ehrlichman@onlinestores.com
> > <mailto:Justin.ehrlichman@onlinestores.com>
> >
> > www.onlinestores.com
> >
> > --
> > To unsubscribe from this list go to the following URL and read the
> > instructions:  https://lists.samba.org/mailman/listinfo/samba
>
> --
> To unsubscribe from this list go to the following URL and read the
> instructions:  https://lists.samba.org/mailman/listinfo/samba
-- 
John H Terpstra
Samba-Team Member
Phone: +1 (650) 580-8668

Author:
The Official Samba-3 HOWTO & Reference Guide, 2 Ed., ISBN: 0131882228
Samba-3 by Example, 2 Ed., ISBN: 0131882221X
Hardening Linux, ISBN: 0072254971
Other books in production.

Mike,

The following links are a good place to start.  They were the clearest 
that I could find when I did my first Samba ADS domain member server.

http://www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com/netos/article.php/3487081
http://www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com/netos/article.php/10951_3502441_1

There are probably some things that can be added to reflect the changes 
made in recent releases of Samba and using Win2k3 server instead of 
Win2k, but the underlying core is there.
For example: http://lists.samba.org/archive/samba/2007-January/128589.html

And don't forget to stress the Change Notes from 3.023 forward.
http://us3.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/ChangeNotes.html

Good luck with your efforts.

Dale

Mike Cleghorn wrote:
> For everyone else's reference, John just gave me a call and issued a
challenge to put my money where my (big) mouth is.  So i'll be doing some
work on the documentation in the next little while, specifically to do with
adding Samba member servers to an AD infrastructure.  If you have
troubleshooting tips you picked up, or suggestions of things that need to be
included, please let me know.
>
> We shall see if i have bitten off more than i can chew  :)
>
> i would also like to thank John publicly for the care that he obviously
takes to make sure that the Samba experience is a pleasant one for the rest of
us n00bs.
>
> Cheers,
>
> m.
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org
> [mailto:samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org]On Behalf Of John
> H Terpstra
> Sent: Wednesday, 27 June 2007 11:34 AM
> To: samba@lists.samba.org
> Subject: Re: Samba-AD HowTo Was: RE: [Samba] Can't get single sign on
to
> workafter joining linux toan AD domain
>
>
> I am the author of Samba3-ByExample - so I'll take the bait.
>
> On Tuesday 26 June 2007 20:25, Address for list subcriptions wrote:
>   
>> Hi all,
>>
>> i've just gone through a fairly long and involved troubleshooting
process
>> trying to do something similar to the problem described below and just
as a
>> general observation, the documentation available for joining a Samba
Server
>> to an AD domain tends to be disjointed and difficult to find.  The
Samba By
>> Example doesn't really mention Samba in an AD network at all 
>>     
>
> OK. That suprises me greatly. The second edition - chapter 7, section 7.3.4
> deal specifically with that. What makes you think it does not?
>
>   
>> and the 
>> Official HOWTO is useful but somewhat limited.  Is there an effort
underway
>> to bring this all together in an AD HOWTO at all?
>>     
>
> You offer to help fix this is most appreciated. Please send me your
patches.
>
>   
>> i would be happy to lend my ignorance to any efforts in that direction
as a
>> pair of eyes with very little Samba knowledge behind them (i'm a
Windows
>> Admin by trade).  i considered attempting to write it myself but
i'm not
>> sure that my experience would be sufficient to make a decent job of it.
>>     
>
> If nothing else, it will help you to articulate your problem so that we can
> understand what may be missing from the current documentation.
>
>   
>> Perhaps someone from the Samba team could comment, or contact me
regarding
>> producing an AD integrated Samba HOWTO.  As i said, i'm happy to
provide
>> what assistance i can or if required, to make the attempt on my own at
>> least to get a first draft together.  i'll warn you though, my
drafts may
>> be in MS Word format  ;)
>>     
>
> Yuck! What a sordid choice! Not even OpenOffice? ;-)
>
>   
>> Finally, if i'm missing some critical URL and the doco i'm
after is just
>> sitting there waiting for me to find it, would someone please point it
out?
>>  Please?
>>     
>
> I thought I did.
>
> - John T.
>
>   
>> Cheers,
>>
>> m.
>>
>> Michael Cleghorn
>> System & Network Administrator
>>
>> Risk Management Technologies
>> 5 Ventnor Avenue
>> West Perth  WA  6005
>> AUSTRALIA
>>
>> Tel: +61 8 9322 1711
>> Fax: +61 8 9322 1794
>>
>> Web: www.rmt.com.au
>>
>> Please Note: The contents of this e-mail transmission are intended
solely
>> for the named recipients and may be confidential, privileged, or
otherwise
>> protected from disclosure in the public interest. The use,
reproduction,
>> disclosure, or distribution of the contents of this e-mail transmission
by
>> any person other than the named recipients is expressly prohibited. If
you
>> are not a named recipient please notify the sender immediately.
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org
>> [mailto:samba-bounces+lists=rmt.com.au@lists.samba.org]On Behalf Of
>> Henrik Zagerholm
>> Sent: Wednesday, 27 June 2007 2:49 AM
>> To: Justin Ehrlichman
>> Cc: samba@lists.samba.org
>> Subject: Re: [Samba] Can't get single sign on to work after joining
>> linux toan AD domain
>>
>>
>> First of all that guide is faulty as you need security = ADS and not
>> Domain.
>> I think you should look at the Samba By Example or the official How-
>> To on samba.org
>>
>> If you then have problems/questions please post them here.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> henrik
>>
>> 26 jun 2007 kl. 18:54 skrev Justin Ehrlichman:
>>     
>>> Hi all,
>>>
>>> I am trying to join PClinuxOS 2007 to an Active Directory domain, I
>>> was able to get it to join following a guide  off of Linux
>>> Magazine's website. I can't post the URL because you need
to be
>>> registered to view the article so I have taken the liberty of
>>> copying and pasting the article at the end of this message. Anyways
>>> what is happening is while I was able to get linux to
"join" the
>>> domain, I am still unable to sign onto the linux box with one of
>>> the domain user accounts.  When I do an wbinfo -g I am able to see
>>> all the domain groups. I am also able to view all the users using
>>> the -u switch. We are running Windows Server 2003 R2, I would post
>>> log files but I am not exactly sure where or what to look for.
>>> Here is the copy of the article as promised:
>>>
>>> /Listing One: smb.conf options for Winbind
>>>
>>> workgroup= MYWG
>>>
>>> security= Domain
>>>
>>> encrypt passwords= Yes
>>>
>>> password server= 192.168.1.1
>>>
>>> winbind use default domain= Yes
>>>
>>> idmap uid= 2000-25000
>>>
>>> idmap gid= 2000-25000
>>>
>>> template shell= /bin/bash
>>>
>>> template homedir= /home/% U
>>>
>>> The first four lines in Listing One are fairly straightforward, and
>>> might appear on any Samba server on the network. They set the
>>> workgroup/domain name, tell Samba to use domain-level security,
>>> enable encrypted passwords, and specify the password server system
>>> (that is, the domain controller). The remaining lines in this
>>> listing set Winbind-specific options.
>>>
>>> *The idmap uid and idmap gid options set the range of UID and GID
>>> numbers that Winbind (its NSS components, specifically) may assign.
>>> These UID and GID values should not be used by local users, but you
>>> can change them from the values set in Listing One, if you like.
>>> These options are necessary because NT domain controllers don't
>>> maintain Linux-style UID and GID numbers, so Winbind must make
>>> these values up itself.
>>>
>>> *The template shell and template homedir options set the default
>>> shell and home directory. The %U in the latter option stands in for
>>> the username. As with idmap uid and idmap gid, these options are
>>> necessary because NT domain controllers don't maintain the
>>> information.
>>>
>>> While you've now told your Linux system how to find the domain
>>> controller and manage accounts, you must still join the domain ---
>>> that is, notify the domain controller about the new member. This
>>> can be done using the net command:
>>> # net join member --U adminuser
>>>
>>> When you type this command, adminuser is the username of an
>>> administrative user on the domain controller. On Windows systems,
>>> this is likely to be Administrator. On domain controllers that use
>>> Linux and Samba, it could be something else, so check your domain
>>> controller configuration. Samba domain controllers may also need a
>>> machine trust account that's been prepared on the domain
controller
>>> itself. (Samba domain controller configuration is well beyond the
>>> scope of this article.)
>>>
>>> Running the Daemon
>>>
>>> At this point, you can start running the Winbind daemon, winbindd:
>>> # /usr/sbin/winbindd --i
>>>
>>> This command runs the daemon and (because of the --i option) sends
>>> log information to standard output rather than to a log file.
>>> Launching the daemon in this way works well for testing, but in the
>>> long term, you're better off putting this command (without the
--i
>>> option) in a startup script. In fact, if you installed Winbind from
>>> a Linux package, it should have come with a System V- like startup
>>> script to start Winbind, so look for such a script and use your
>>> distribution's System V package management utilities (such as
>>> chkconfig or rc-update) to activate it in your default runlevel.
>>>
>>> The Winbind daemon manages the actual connection to the domain
>>> controller. PAM and NSS then consult this daemon to do their jobs.
>>> You can check basic operations using the wbinfo command. The --t
>>> option causes this program to check the basic connection of Winbind
>>> to the domain controller. It should return a message like this:
>>> $ wbinfo --t
>>> checking the trust secret via RPC calls
>>> succeeded
>>>
>>> You can also use the --u option to obtain a list of accounts
>>> managed by the domain controller. If one or both of these calls
>>> fail, review your configuration and consult your log files for
>>> clues about what's going wrong.
>>>
>>> Configuring PAM
>>>
>>> PAM is controlled through files in /etc/pam.d/. For the most part,
>>> these files control how specific programs interact with PAM.
>>>
>>> For instance, /etc/pam.d/login tells the login program how to use
>>> PAM. These configurations vary greatly from one distribution to
>>> another, but they all consist of a series of stacks --- auth,
>>> account, session, and password. Each stack consists of one or more
>>> lines that begin with the relevant keyword. Each stack manages a
>>> particular sub-task, such as authentication (auth) or verifying
>>> account accessibility (account).
>>>
>>> Modifying a PAM configuration to include a new authentication tool,
>>> such as Winbind, is a matter of adding lines to one or more of the
>>> auth and account stacks, and possibly modifying other lines.
>>> Listing Two shows a typical PAM configuration file with Winbind
>>> support added. New lines or amendments to existing lines are
>>> highlighted in bold.
>>> Listing Two: A typical PAM configuration file with Winbind support
>>> auth requisite pam_securetty.so
>>> auth requisite pam_nologin.so
>>> auth required pam_env.so
>>> B
>>> auth required pam_unix.so nullok B
>>> account requisite pam_time.so
>>> B
>>> account required pam_unix.so
>>> session required pam_unix.so
>>> session optional pam_lastlog.so
>>> session optional pam_motd.so
>>> session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv
>>> password required pam_unix.so nullok min=6 max=255 md5
>>>
>>> This configuration adds lines to the auth and account stacks,
>>> inserting a call to pam_winbind.so just before a call to
>>> pam_unix.so. These calls are marked as sufficient, meaning that if
>>> Winbind gives its OK, subsequent modules need not succeed. This is
>>> very important when combining multiple authentication tools, such
>>> as Winbind and pam_unix.so (which is the standard tool that
>>> validates users against /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow).
>>>
>>> Other modules called in these stacks don't actually verify
>>> passwords; instead, they perform additional checks, such as
>>> verifying that root isn't logging in via telnet. You might
>>> optionally want to add another line to the end of the session
stack:
>>> session required pam_mkhomedir.so
>>> skel=/etc/skel umask=0027
>>>
>>> (This line has been split for publication purposes, and should be
>>> recombined into a single line if you add it.) This automatically
>>> creates a home directory for the user if one doesn't exist.
This
>>> can be handy if you want users to be able to log into the Linux
>>> system without your having to manually create home directories for
>>> them.
>>>
>>> On some distributions, you must change the PAM configuration files
>>> for all of the services that you want to use Winbind. For instance,
>>> if you want to use domain accounts for text-mode console logins,
>>> logins via the GNOME Display Manager (GDM), for X screensaver
>>> password prompts, and for POP mail retrieval, you would have to
>>> modify the login, gdm, xscreensaver, and pop files in /etc/pam.d/.
>>> This can be tedious, so some distributions use a module called
>>> pam_stack.so instead of pam_unix.so. The pam_stack.so module calls
>>> an entire stack of PAM modules itself, as specified in the file
>>> defined by the service= option to this module (typically
/etc/pam.d/
>>> system-auth). The end result is that, if your system uses
>>> pam_stack.so, you can probably modify system-auth rather than all
>>> of the other files. This can be a great time-saver, but if you want
>>> to use Winbind for some services but not others, you'll still
have
>>> to modify the individual files.
>>>
>>> One service requires a special note: passwd. This service (and its
/
>>> etc/pam.d/passwd configuration file) controls how the passwd
>>> command interacts with PAM. For a Winbind configuration, it's
>>> probably best to leave this configuration alone. Users can then use
>>> the passwd command to change their local passwords (if they exist),
>>> and use smbpasswd to change their passwords on the domain
>>> controller. Alternatively, if you add a call to pam_winbind.so to
>>> the password stack, then the passwd command changes the password on
>>> the domain controller.
>>>
>>> If a server or other program is running, you may need to restart it
>>> before you can use any new authentication tools you've defined
in
>>> PAM. In the case of many login tools, logging in and then logging
>>> out again does the trick. You may need to restart some servers via
>>> their startup scripts, though.
>>>
>>> Configuring NSS
>>>
>>> At this point, your system should be able to use the NT domain
>>> controller for authenticating users; however, they must still have
>>> accounts defined locally, in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. Thus,
>>> implementing this system isn't likely to save a lot of effort.
>>>
>>> The final step is to link NSS to Winbind. You can do this by
>>> editing the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Look for two lines in this
>>> file that begin with passwd and group, and add the string winbind
>>> to these lines. These two lines are ordinarily separated by one
>>> called shadow, but you don't modify that line. The result might
>>> look something like this:
>>> passwd: files winbind
>>> shadow: files
>>> group: files winbind
>>>
>>> Some distributions use other options instead of or in addition to
>>> files; compat is one popular alternative. The key is to add winbind
>>> to the passwd and shadow lines, rather than use precisely the
>>> configuration shown here.
>>>
>>> When you're done with this, NSS will use both its original
>>> configuration and Winbind for the purposes for which /etc/passwd
>>> and /etc/shadow are normally used. This will enable you to use your
>>> normal Linux-only local accounts and groups, such as root and any
>>> users you want to define locally, without the help of the domain
>>> controller.
>>>
>>> While you're modifying /etc/nsswitch.conf, you might want to
change
>>> one other line: hosts. This line tells the system what tools to use
>>> to resolve hostnames. If you add wins to this line, Linux will use
>>> NetBIOS name resolution methods in addition to any other methods
>>> (such as /etc/hosts and DNS). The order of items on this line
>>> defines the order Linux uses.
>>>
>>> For instance, you might end up with a line like this:
>>> hosts: files wins dns
>>>
>>> This configuration isn't strictly necessary, and it requires
its
>>> own library (libnss_wins.so, installed much like libnss_winbind.so,
>>> as described earlier). Still, it can be handy if your system is
>>> running on a network that uses NetBIOS names locally and you
don't
>>> want to maintain all your local names in /etc/hosts or run a local
>>> DNS server.
>>>
>>> You needn't restart anything to have NSS begin using the new
>>> configuration you've specified in /etc/nsswitch.conf. You may
want
>>> to check that the NSS portion of the configuration is working by
>>> using getent. This command returns information on user and group
>>> database entries. In particular, typing getent passwd returns user
>>> information, and getent group returns group information. On Linux
>>> systems with default configurations, these commands' outputs
are
>>> similar to what you'd get by typing cat /etc/passwd or cat
/etc/
>>> group. On a system with a working Winbind NSS configuration, you
>>> should see the contents of these files plus accounts maintained by
>>> the NT domain controller. If you don't see these accounts,
review
>>> your configuration and consult your log files (on both the Linux
>>> system and the domain controller) for clues.
>>>
>>> Testing the Configuration
>>>
>>> At this point, everything should be working, and you should have
>>> tested the Winbind and NSS subsystems. To test PAM and everything
>>> else, you should try an ordinary login using a domain account ---
>>> that is, one that's defined on the domain controller but not on
the
>>> local system. You can do this via whatever login methods you chose
>>> to configure in PAM, and in fact you should test all of these login
>>> methods, to be sure there's not a problem with some of them but
not
>>> others.
>>>
>>> Be sure to test both valid and invalid logins, that is, correct
>>> usernames and passwords, correct usernames and incorrect passwords,
>>> and incorrect usernames. Some configurations will enable anybody to
>>> log in, using correct or incorrect passwords. Presumably that's
not
>>> what you want to do! You should also test your local accounts while
>>> you're at it --- some types of configurations will disable
those
>>> accounts, but you should leave them enabled. If nothing else, root
>>> should be defined locally, not via the domain controller.
>>>
>>> Roderick W. Smith is the author or co-author of over a dozen books,
>>> including Linux in a Windows World and The Definitive Guide to
>>> Samba 3. He can be reached at rodsmith@rodsbooks.com.
>>> /
>>> --
>>>
>>> Justin Ehrlichman
>>>
>>> Computer Technician
>>>
>>> Online Stores Inc.
>>>
>>> 724-925-5600 ext 610
>>>
>>> Justin.ehrlichman@onlinestores.com
>>> <mailto:Justin.ehrlichman@onlinestores.com>
>>>
>>> www.onlinestores.com
>>>
>>> --
>>> To unsubscribe from this list go to the following URL and read the
>>> instructions:  https://lists.samba.org/mailman/listinfo/samba
>>>       
>> --
>> To unsubscribe from this list go to the following URL and read the
>> instructions:  https://lists.samba.org/mailman/listinfo/samba
>>     
>
>