I found errors in my previous post. The /usr/lib/security/pam_winbind.so_042605 should all read /samba/source/nsswitch/pam_winbind.so. I also found that if I run an old binary (sshd 3.6.1p1), this problem goes away. So a temporary fix for me is to use the old version, but it's not what I can live with. If there's anyone who runs sshd for windows users and is willing, I'd like to hear about his/her experience. =================================READ AS: Apr 28 08:43:58 bkim sshd[7609]: [ID 305314 local3.debug] load_modules: /samba/source/nsswitch/pam_winbind.so ... Thanks. Ben Kim Developer College of Education Texas A&M University