Hi I just can''t seem to figure this out. I know that PDF doesn''t support UTF-8 so I''m trying to use Iconv to convert the string from UTF-8 to MacRoman (or anything that will work). This doesn''t seem to be working though. Is there a better/ correct way to do this? The sting is stored as UTF-8 in MySQL and displays properly on the web (<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>). The main problem seems to be smart quotes do not come across I get strange symbols, everything else seems to work. My latest attempt. def create_pdf # creates a PDF version of an authors listing. Pass a listing object as the methods parameter. AJ # pdfOfListing = PDF::Writer.new # defaults to a US Letter, portrait, PDF version 1.3 document. AJ pdfOfListing.compressed pdfOfListing.select_font(''Times-Roman'', {:encoding => ''MacRomanEncoding''}) pdfOfListing.text(Iconv.conv("UTF-8", "MacRoman", chapter.chapter_body), :font_size => 12, :justification => :left)) send_data(pdfOfListing.render, :filename => listing.title_of_work , :type => "application/pdf" ) end Thanks Andrew Johnson