This question was spawned by another thread entitled "R on Windows crashes when source'ing UTF-8 file". The solution to that problem was to use the _proper_ encodingparameter of the source() function. But where are they documented? Or how do I find them in R itself? I ask because the proper encoding to solve the problem was "UTF-8-BOM". I got this by reading the source code to main/connnections.c . Not where I expect most people to go. I found iconvlist(). But it does not list UTF-8-BOM, only UTF8 and UTF-8. I got no useful response to ??BOM from the R prompt. My normal locale is "C" on Linux. If I use encoding="UTF-8" in the source() line, it fails because the BOM at the start is intepreted as data to be processed. If I use UTF-8-BOM instead, it succeeds. It also succeeds if I do Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL","en_US.utf8"). I admit that I don't understand all (or even much) of the ins-and-outs of i10n, or code pages. But the UTF-8-BOM is just "weird" to me; and confusing since it is not documented anywhere I can find. -- There is nothing more pleasant than traveling and meeting new people! Genghis Khan Maranatha! <>< John McKown