Hello,
A data example would be great. Try the following.
set.seed(71926) # make up some data
dat <- data.frame(SIDN = 1:100,
TERM = factor(sample(4, 100, TRUE)),
GRADE = runif(100),
INST = factor(sample(5, 100, TRUE)))
head(dat)
with(dat, ave(GRADE, list(TERM, INST), FUN = scale))
Hope this helps,
Rui Barradas
Em 03-06-2013 21:23, Robert Lynch escreveu:> Hi--
>
> I am trying to normalize course grades for each instance of a course, e.g.
> Stats 1 Fall2009 J. Smith.
>
> I have a frame for all instances of a course, e.g. stats 1 in the last 5
> years, that looks like
>
> SIDN TERM GRADE INST
>
> where SIDN is a Student ID Number, TERM is a factor that gives the quarter
> and year a course was offered, GRADE is a 0-4.3 grade and INST is the
> instructor, again as a factor.
>
> Course offerings are determined by the TERM and INST. That is one inst.
> assigned grades to all the students they were responsible for that term.
> Multiple instructors may have taught the same term.
>
> For every course offering I would like to normalize the GRADE: Z<-
(GRADE
> - mean)/SD where the mean and SD are over a single course offering.
>
> Thanks!
> RBL
>
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>
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