Hello,
I am a R beginner and I have a question about a litte function I found.
Here is the code:
# Gambler's Ruin Problem.
# seed capital: k
# rounds: n
# probability of success: p
# number of trials: N
# graphical output (yes/no): draw
# Wait for new graphic (yes/no): ask
ruin<- function( N = 1, n = 10, k = 1, p = 1 / 2,
draw = FALSE, ask = FALSE ){
if(draw)
par( ask = ask )
r <- 0
for( i in 1:N ){
x <- k + cumsum (sample( c(-1, 1),replace = TRUE, n,prob = c(1-p, p)))
if( min(x) <= 0 ){
r <- r + 1
if(draw)
ruin.plot( k, x, col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial:
ruin!" ) )
}
else if(draw)
ruin.plot( k, x, main = paste( i, "th trial: no ruin"
),ylim c( 0, max(x) ) )
}
return(r / N)
}
Now I want to start it with for example
"ruin(N=100,n=1000,k=50,draw=TRUE,ask=TRUE)" but i received the
message,
that there is an unused argument: (col = "red",main = paste(i,
"th trial:
ruin!" ) ).
What is wrong with the code?
Best regards
Pauli
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On Tue, Nov 6, 2012 at 4:44 PM, Pauli <paul.kraus85 at web.de> wrote:> Hello, > > I am a R beginner and I have a question about a litte function I found. > Here is the code: > > # Gambler's Ruin Problem. > # seed capital: k > # rounds: n > # probability of success: p > # number of trials: N > # graphical output (yes/no): draw > # Wait for new graphic (yes/no): ask > > ruin<- function( N = 1, n = 10, k = 1, p = 1 / 2, > draw = FALSE, ask = FALSE ){ > if(draw) > par( ask = ask ) > r <- 0 > for( i in 1:N ){ > x <- k + cumsum (sample( c(-1, 1),replace = TRUE, n,prob = c(1-p, p))) > if( min(x) <= 0 ){ > r <- r + 1 > if(draw) > ruin.plot( k, x, col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial: ruin!" ) ) > } > else if(draw) > ruin.plot( k, x, main = paste( i, "th trial: no ruin" ),ylim > c( 0, max(x) ) ) > } > return(r / N) > } > > Now I want to start it with for example > "ruin(N=100,n=1000,k=50,draw=TRUE,ask=TRUE)" but i received the message, > that there is an unused argument: (col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial: > ruin!" ) ). > What is wrong with the code? >It looks like there's a problem in the call to ruin.plot() but since we don't have the source for that, we can't really help you out. Can you cite the code you're using / provide it in full if it's original to you? A fully reproducible example would be awesome: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5963269/how-to-make-a-great-r-reproducible-example Cheers, Michael
On Nov 6, 2012, at 8:44 AM, Pauli wrote:> Hello, > > I am a R beginner and I have a question about a litte function I found. > Here is the code: > > # Gambler's Ruin Problem. > # seed capital: k > # rounds: n > # probability of success: p > # number of trials: N > # graphical output (yes/no): draw > # Wait for new graphic (yes/no): ask > > ruin<- function( N = 1, n = 10, k = 1, p = 1 / 2, > draw = FALSE, ask = FALSE ){ > if(draw) > par( ask = ask ) > r <- 0 > for( i in 1:N ){ > x <- k + cumsum (sample( c(-1, 1),replace = TRUE, n,prob = c(1-p, p))) > if( min(x) <= 0 ){ > r <- r + 1 > if(draw) > ruin.plot( k, x, col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial: ruin!" ) ) > } > else if(draw) > ruin.plot( k, x, main = paste( i, "th trial: no ruin" ),ylim > c( 0, max(x) ) ) > } > return(r / N) > } > > Now I want to start it with for example > "ruin(N=100,n=1000,k=50,draw=TRUE,ask=TRUE)" but i received the message, > that there is an unused argument: (col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial: > ruin!" ) ). > What is wrong with the code?I do not see the function ruin.plot defined. And sure enough, I get:> ruin(N=100,n=1000,k=50,draw=TRUE,ask=TRUE)Error: could not find function "ruin.plot" ####################### and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -- David Winsemius, MD Alameda, CA, USA
On 11/07/2012 03:44 AM, Pauli wrote:> Hello, > > I am a R beginner and I have a question about a litte function I found. > Here is the code: > > # Gambler's Ruin Problem. > # seed capital: k > # rounds: n > # probability of success: p > # number of trials: N > # graphical output (yes/no): draw > # Wait for new graphic (yes/no): ask > > ruin<- function( N = 1, n = 10, k = 1, p = 1 / 2, > draw = FALSE, ask = FALSE ){ > if(draw) > par( ask = ask ) > r<- 0 > for( i in 1:N ){ > x<- k + cumsum (sample( c(-1, 1),replace = TRUE, n,prob = c(1-p, p))) > if( min(x)<= 0 ){ > r<- r + 1 > if(draw) > ruin.plot( k, x, col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial: ruin!" ) ) > } > else if(draw) > ruin.plot( k, x, main = paste( i, "th trial: no ruin" ),ylim > c( 0, max(x) ) ) > } > return(r / N) > } > > Now I want to start it with for example > "ruin(N=100,n=1000,k=50,draw=TRUE,ask=TRUE)" but i received the message, > that there is an unused argument: (col = "red",main = paste(i, "th trial: > ruin!" ) ). > What is wrong with the code?Hi Pauli, Since you received the "unused argument" error message, you may have defined the "ruin.plot" function somewhere without the "col=" argument. I tried changing the call to "ruin.plot" to simply "plot", but your k and x values are of different lengths, so they won't plot anyway. I think what you may be trying to achieve is more like this: ruin<-function( N = 1, n = 10, k = 1, p = 1 / 2, draw = FALSE, ask = FALSE ){ if(draw) par( ask = ask ) r <- 0 plot(0,xlim=c(0,N),ylim=c(-20,k),type="n",main="Gambler's Ruin plot") for( i in 1:N ){ x <- k + cumsum (sample( c(-1, 1),replace = TRUE, n,prob = c(1-p, p))) if( min(x) <= 0 ) { r <- r + 1 if(draw) { points(i, x[which.min(x)], col = "red" ) text(i,x[which.min(x)]-2,"ruin!") } } else if(draw) points(i, x[which.min(x)], col="green") } return(r / N) } ruin(N=100,n=1000,k=50,draw=TRUE,ask=TRUE) Jim