Pancho Mulongeni
2012-Oct-17 14:51 UTC
[R] Setting all rows of a certain level to NA in a factor
Hello everyone. My task is set certain levels (that is all rows of that level) as missing values in factor B20_A. Excuse the notation, it happens to be a question number in a survey. So I thought it would work easily by defining the levels and their labels using the 'factor' function.> levels(B20_A)[1] " " "5.6" "No " "Yes" #as you can see 'No' is a level. #I below define the levels, I expect 5.6 and blank to be set as NA B20_A<-factor(B20_A,levels=c('No','Yes'),labels=c('No','Yes')) summary(B20_A) No Yes NA's 0 149 580 to my surprise, 'No' is also set as NA, why is this happening? I am a frequent SPSS user and I am surprised that this operation does not seem to be so straight forward in R. Thanks my object is defined below. structure(c(4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L), .Label = c(" ", "5.6", "No ", "Yes"), class = "factor") Pancho Mulongeni Research Assistant PharmAccess Foundation 1 Fouch? Street Windhoek West Windhoek Namibia ? Tel:?? +264 61 419 000 Fax:? +264 61 419 001/2 Mob: +264 81 276 6075
Berend Hasselman
2012-Oct-17 19:43 UTC
[R] Setting all rows of a certain level to NA in a factor
On 17-10-2012, at 16:51, Pancho Mulongeni wrote:> Hello everyone. > My task is set certain levels (that is all rows of that level) as missing values in factor B20_A. > Excuse the notation, it happens to be a question number in a survey. > So I thought it would work easily by defining the levels > and their labels using the 'factor' function. > >> levels(B20_A) > [1] " " "5.6" "No " "Yes" > #as you can see 'No' is a level.No it is not. 'No ' i.e. No followed by a space is a level. Change "No " to "No" in your object. Berend> #I below define the levels, I expect 5.6 and blank to be set as NA > B20_A<-factor(B20_A,levels=c('No','Yes'),labels=c('No','Yes')) > summary(B20_A) > > No Yes NA's > 0 149 580 > to my surprise, 'No' is also set as NA, why is this happening? > > I am a frequent SPSS user and I am surprised that this operation does not seem to be so straight forward in R. > Thanks > my object is defined below. > structure(c(4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, > 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, > 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, > 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, > 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, > 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, > 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, > 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, > 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, > 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, > 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, > 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, > 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L), .Label = c(" ", > "5.6", "No ", "Yes"), class = "factor") > > Pancho Mulongeni > Research Assistant > PharmAccess Foundation > 1 Fouch? Street > Windhoek West > Windhoek > Namibia > > Tel: +264 61 419 000 > Fax: +264 61 419 001/2 > Mob: +264 81 276 6075 > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Rui Barradas
2012-Oct-17 19:48 UTC
[R] Setting all rows of a certain level to NA in a factor
Hello, Try the following. b <- factor(ifelse(!B20_A %in% c("No ", "Yes"), NA, B20_A), labels = c("No ", "Yes")) str(b) Hope this helps, Rui Barradas Em 17-10-2012 15:51, Pancho Mulongeni escreveu:> Hello everyone. > My task is set certain levels (that is all rows of that level) as missing values in factor B20_A. > Excuse the notation, it happens to be a question number in a survey. > So I thought it would work easily by defining the levels > and their labels using the 'factor' function. > >> levels(B20_A) > [1] " " "5.6" "No " "Yes" > #as you can see 'No' is a level. > #I below define the levels, I expect 5.6 and blank to be set as NA > B20_A<-factor(B20_A,levels=c('No','Yes'),labels=c('No','Yes')) > summary(B20_A) > > No Yes NA's > 0 149 580 > to my surprise, 'No' is also set as NA, why is this happening? > > I am a frequent SPSS user and I am surprised that this operation does not seem to be so straight forward in R. > Thanks > my object is defined below. > structure(c(4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, > 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, > 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, > 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, > 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, > 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, > 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, > 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, > 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, > 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 3L, > 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, > 1L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, > 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 4L, > 4L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 1L, > 1L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 3L, > 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, > 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 1L, 3L), .Label = c(" ", > "5.6", "No ", "Yes"), class = "factor") > > Pancho Mulongeni > Research Assistant > PharmAccess Foundation > 1 Fouch? Street > Windhoek West > Windhoek > Namibia > > Tel: +264 61 419 000 > Fax: +264 61 419 001/2 > Mob: +264 81 276 6075 > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.