R help - Jul 2011 - Vector of functions

Hi there,

I have a vector of some functions e.g.
#-----------------------------#
f.1 <- function(a) {
  return( a );
}
f.2 <- function(a) {
  return( 1 - (tanh(a))^2 );
}
f.3 <- function(a) {
  return( 1 / (1+exp(-a)) * (1 - (1 / (1+exp(-a)))) );
}

func.l <- c(f.1, f.2, f.3); 
#-----------------------------#

and would like to calculate the output value of a function in the
vector, that is, pick e.g. function at position 2 in func.l and calculate the
output value for a=42.

func.l[2](42); # gives error

f <- func.l[2];
f(42); # gives error

Is there an easy way to solve this problem?

Cheers,
 Thomas

Hi Thomas,

On Sat, Jul 2, 2011 at 9:36 AM, Thomas Stibor <thomas.stibor at in.tum.de>
wrote:
> Hi there,
>
> I have a vector of some functions e.g.
> #-----------------------------#
> f.1 <- function(a) {
> ?return( a );
> }
> f.2 <- function(a) {
> ?return( 1 - (tanh(a))^2 );
> }
> f.3 <- function(a) {
> ?return( 1 / (1+exp(-a)) * (1 - (1 / (1+exp(-a)))) );
> }
>
> func.l <- c(f.1, f.2, f.3);
> #-----------------------------#
>
> and would like to calculate the output value of a function in the
> vector, that is, pick e.g. function at position 2 in func.l and calculate
the
> output value for a=42.
>
> func.l[2](42); # gives error
Almost there, you just need to use a different extraction operator...

func.l[[2]](42)

compare the output of

func.l[2]
func.l[[2]]

the first one retains the list structure, but just returns a list with
the second element of func.l, the second one actually returns a
function.  You can check this by looking at the class

class(func.l[2])
class(func.l[[2]])

Cheers,

Josh
>
> f <- func.l[2];
> f(42); # gives error
>
> Is there an easy way to solve this problem?
>
> Cheers,
> ?Thomas
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>


-- 
Joshua Wiley
Ph.D. Student, Health Psychology
University of California, Los Angeles
http://www.joshuawiley.com/

Hi,

To amplify on Josh's cogent remarks, the reason you can't create a
vector of functions is because vectors are composed of atomic objects
and functions are not atomic objects:
> is.atomic(f.3)
[1] FALSE
> is.atomic(1)
[1] TRUE
> is.atomic(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> is.atomic('a')
[1] TRUE

'Vectors' of functions are actually (and appropriately) assigned to
lists. You can check the structure of any R object with str():
> fns <- c(f.1, f.2, f.3)
> str(fns)   ## Oops, R coerced your vector into a list
List of 3
 $ :function (a)
  ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:3] "function(a) {" ...
 $ :function (a)
  ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:3] "function(a) {" ...
 $ :function (a)
  ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:3] "function(a) {" ...
> funs <- list(f.1, f.2, f.3)    # clearer code
> str(funs)
List of 3
 $ :function (a)
  ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:3] "function(a) {" ...
 $ :function (a)
  ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:3] "function(a) {" ...
 $ :function (a)
  ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:3] "function(a) {"
...
> identical(fns, funs)   # Are the two objects identical?
[1] TRUE

You can have all kinds of fun with (lists of) functions. I wanted to
plot your second function:
> curve(funs[[2]], -10, 10)
Error in curve(funs[[2]], -10, 10) :
  'expr' must be a function, call or an expression containing
'x'

## Oh yeah, the argument of the function that curve() needs is x.
## We don't need to rewrite the function, though:
> curve(funs[[2]](x), -10, 10)
Now one can verify that the function calls make sense:
> funs[[2]](0)
[1] 1
> funs[[2]](pi/2)
[1] 0.1588316
> funs[[2]](2 * pi)
[1] 1.394927e-05
> funs[[2]](Inf)
[1] 0

If you're going to be doing a lot of work with functions, I'd suggest
picking up a book on R programming. Fortunately, there's a good one
auf Deutsch by Uwe Ligges: Programmieren mit R.
http://www.statistik.tu-dortmund.de/~ligges/PmitR/
and several good ones in English. See the book list page at CRAN:
http://www.r-project.org/doc/bib/R-books.html

HTH,
Dennis

On Sat, Jul 2, 2011 at 9:36 AM, Thomas Stibor <thomas.stibor at in.tum.de>
wrote:
> Hi there,
>
> I have a vector of some functions e.g.
> #-----------------------------#
> f.1 <- function(a) {
> ?return( a );
> }
> f.2 <- function(a) {
> ?return( 1 - (tanh(a))^2 );
> }
> f.3 <- function(a) {
> ?return( 1 / (1+exp(-a)) * (1 - (1 / (1+exp(-a)))) );
> }
>
> func.l <- c(f.1, f.2, f.3);
> #-----------------------------#
>
> and would like to calculate the output value of a function in the
> vector, that is, pick e.g. function at position 2 in func.l and calculate
the
> output value for a=42.
>
> func.l[2](42); # gives error
>
> f <- func.l[2];
> f(42); # gives error
>
> Is there an easy way to solve this problem?
>
> Cheers,
> ?Thomas
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>