Dear r-help list, I would like to run a mixed design anova to compare the results from one population sample to another. Here my within subject variable (stiulusID) has 45 levels and my between subject variable (group) has two levels. In addition to my number of levels in the within subject variable being very large, one other 'feature' of my data is that it is not balanced on the between subject variable. I have attached a copy of my data for reference. To run the ANOVA, I did this: summary(aov(Result ~ StimulusID * Group + Error(ParticipantToken/(StimulusID + Group)), data = data)) My results were roughly as I had expected, but at the end of the output I have the warning that the model is singular. I have seen this warning listed in other help requests, but from what I saw there this meant that one of my variables was redundant as it was a nesting of the other. I don't think this is the case in my data. Can I trust the results of a Mixed Design ANOVA with the warning? Or indeed with the unbalanced between subject variable? Many thanks for any help for a stats novice. Error: ParticipantToken Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) Group 1 0.69 0.6934 0.0437 0.8356 Residuals 39 619.47 15.8840 Error: ParticipantToken:StimulusID Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) StimulusID 44 4607.4 104.713 60.3868 < 2.2e-16 *** StimulusID:Group 44 170.3 3.870 2.2317 8.106e-06 *** Residuals 1716 2975.6 1.734 --- Signif. codes: 0 ?***? 0.001 ?**? 0.01 ?*? 0.05 ?.? 0.1 ? ? 1 Warning message: In aov(Result ~ StimulusID * Group + Error(ParticipantToken/(StimulusID + : Error() model is singular