R help - Oct 2010 - R-help

Im trying to simulate the rolling of a pair of dice 
 
this is my function:
#function to simulate tosses of a pair of dice
#from the simulation, the program returns the empirical probability of
#observing a double
count <- 0
for(j in 1:sim){#begin loop
die1 <- sample(1:6,1)
print(die1)
die2 <- sample(1:6,1)
print(die2)
count <- ifelse(die1 == die2, count + 1, count)
}#end loop
emprob <- count/sim
return(count,emprob)
} #end program

 
these are the errors that keep coming up:
Error in 1:sim : 'sim' is missing

 
How do I correct this?


      
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On Mon, Oct 4, 2010 at 9:13 PM, Lemarian WallaceIII <tott_03 at yahoo.com>
wrote:
> Im trying to simulate the rolling of a pair of dice
>
> this is my function:
> #function to simulate tosses of a pair of dice
> #from the simulation, the program returns the empirical probability of
> #observing a double
> count <- 0
> for(j in 1:sim){#begin loop
> die1 <- sample(1:6,1)
> print(die1)
> die2 <- sample(1:6,1)
> print(die2)
> count <- ifelse(die1 == die2, count + 1, count)
> }#end loop
> emprob <- count/sim
> return(count,emprob)
> } #end program
>
>
> these are the errors that keep coming up:
> Error in 1:sim : 'sim' is missing
You need to define an object called 'sim', otherwise you are telling R
to go look up the value of a non-existent variable.  Does your
function have a first part?  All I am seeing is the body and the end.

Josh
>
>
> How do I correct this?
>
>
>
> ? ? ? ?[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
>
-- 
Joshua Wiley
Ph.D. Student, Health Psychology
University of California, Los Angeles
http://www.joshuawiley.com/

Hi:

This problem is a useful lesson in the power of vectorizing calculations in
R.

A remanufacturing of your function:

dubloop <- function(nsim) {
    count <- 0
       for(j in 1:nsim){           #begin loop
           die1 <- sample(1:6,1)
           die2 <- sample(1:6,1)
           if(die1 == die2) count <- count + 1 else count <- count
                      }           #end loop
    emprob <- count/nsim
    list(count = count, emprob = emprob)
  } #end program

Interestingly, you used ifelse(), which is a *vectorized* if-else function,
inside a loop,
so I replaced it with the more appropriate if-else construct for scalar
comparisons. My
version of Jeffrey's vectorization of your function (which is the same save
for variable naming) is

dubs <- function(n) {
     x1 <- sample(1:6, n, replace = TRUE)
     x2 <- sample(1:6, n, replace = TRUE)
     round(sum(x1 == x2)/n, 3)
   }

Let's compare their timings:

system.time(replicate(1000, dubloop(1000)))
   user  system elapsed
  16.36    0.00   16.41
system.time(replicate(1000, dubs(1000)))
   user  system elapsed
   0.08    0.00    0.08

The vectorized version is over 200 times faster than the loop. In R,
vectorization pays
dividends (sometimes big ones) when the operation is amenable to it.  This
is an
important lesson to learn when migrating to R from a traditional programming
language.

HTH,
Dennis




On Mon, Oct 4, 2010 at 9:13 PM, Lemarian WallaceIII
<tott_03@yahoo.com>wrote:
> Im trying to simulate the rolling of a pair of dice
>
> this is my function:
> #function to simulate tosses of a pair of dice
> #from the simulation, the program returns the empirical probability of
> #observing a double
> count <- 0
> for(j in 1:sim){#begin loop
> die1 <- sample(1:6,1)
> print(die1)
> die2 <- sample(1:6,1)
> print(die2)
> count <- ifelse(die1 == die2, count + 1, count)
> }#end loop
> emprob <- count/sim
> return(count,emprob)
> } #end program
>
>
> these are the errors that keep coming up:
> Error in 1:sim : 'sim' is missing
>
>
> How do I correct this?
>
>
>
>        [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help@r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
>
	[[alternative HTML version deleted]]

I would do it like this:

library(TeachingDemos)
tmp <- dice(10000, 2)
with(tmp, c(sum(Red==Green),mean(Red==Green)) )
plot(head(tmp,28))




-- 
Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D.
Statistical Data Center
Intermountain Healthcare
greg.snow at imail.org
801.408.8111

> -----Original Message-----
> From: r-help-bounces at r-project.org [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-
> project.org] On Behalf Of Lemarian WallaceIII
> Sent: Monday, October 04, 2010 10:14 PM
> To: r-help at r-project.org
> Subject: [R] R-help
> 
> Im trying to simulate the rolling of a pair of dice
> 
> this is my function:
> #function to simulate tosses of a pair of dice
> #from the simulation, the program returns the empirical probability of
> #observing a double
> count <- 0
> for(j in 1:sim){#begin loop
> die1 <- sample(1:6,1)
> print(die1)
> die2 <- sample(1:6,1)
> print(die2)
> count <- ifelse(die1 == die2, count + 1, count)
> }#end loop
> emprob <- count/sim
> return(count,emprob)
> } #end program
> 
> 
> these are the errors that keep coming up:
> Error in 1:sim : 'sim' is missing
> 
> 
> How do I correct this?
> 
> 
> 
> 	[[alternative HTML version deleted]]