Hi, In my memory, "<<-" means assigning via a pointer or alias. But this is not officially defined in "R Language Definition". Could anybody help for the clarification? Thank you very much! Bests, Ruihong
try: ?"<<-" This is used for assigning to an object that exists in a parent environment from which you made the assigning (thus allows some playing with R's lexical scoping). ----------------Contact Details:------------------------------------------------------- Contact me: Tal.Galili@gmail.com | 972-52-7275845 Read me: talgalili.com (Hebrew) | biostatistics.co.il (Hebrew) | r-statistics.com (English) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- On Sat, May 8, 2010 at 9:59 AM, Ruihong Huang <ruihong.lang.r@googlemail.com> wrote:> Hi, > > In my memory, "<<-" means assigning via a pointer or alias. But this is not > officially defined in "R Language Definition". Could anybody help for the > clarification? Thank you very much! > > Bests, > Ruihong > > ______________________________________________ > R-help@r-project.org mailing list > stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide > R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
You might want to look at the answers to that question on stackoverflow.com: stackoverflow.com/questions/2628621 Hadley On Sat, May 8, 2010 at 1:59 AM, Ruihong Huang <ruihong.lang.r at googlemail.com> wrote:> Hi, > > In my memory, "<<-" means assigning via a pointer or alias. But this is not > officially defined in "R Language Definition". Could anybody help for the > clarification? Thank you very much! > > Bests, > Ruihong > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list > stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >-- Assistant Professor / Dobelman Family Junior Chair Department of Statistics / Rice University had.co.nz