Dear R users, i want to use ANOVA with a small data set, here is an example of the data: Rich FireDe TimeS Area 8 2 4 C 9 2.5 7 C 5 1.9 2 C 7 3 4 C 8 2.5 0 L 2 4 3 L 9 2.5 6 L 9 3 6 L 10 1.5 2 O 3 3.5 9 O 7 2 7 O 5 2.5 4 O in a randomized block design, where the Areas are supposed to be the blocks, i want to test the null hypothesis for Rich and FireDe by itself or with TimeS. i would like to control for the Area, use it as a covariable i guess, but don't know how to with this: summary(lm(Rich~FireDe _ Area )) or summary(lm(Rich~FireDe _ TimeS _ Area)) in the places i've looked, i've seen * and + used where i typed "_", but i wasn't sure if it was for a one-way or two-way Anova or a covariate. best regards, john polo G.R.A. OK State