Is Pearson's Chi-Square test for contingency tables asymptotically unbiased for large tables (large degrees of freedom) regardless of the expected values in each cell? The rule of thumb is that Pearson's Chi-square should not be used when large numbers of cells have expected values < 5. However, I compared the results on 4x4 contingency tables for R's chisq.test using chi-square approximation vs. chisq.test using a large number of monte carlo simulations, and the results agree within a fairly small error. This is true even when every cell of the table has an expected value < 2. I tried several tables, but the best example was: 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 As expected, the chi-square approximation appears to be very poor when both the expected values and degrees of freedom are small. Is there a good theoretical reason why the chi-square test seems to perform well on large contingency tables even with small expected values? Are the standard rules of thumb overly simplistic? -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Validity-of-Pearson%27s-Chi-Square-for-Large-Tables-tp23844791p23844791.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
Gerard M. Keogh
2009-Jun-03 09:28 UTC
[R] Validity of Pearson's Chi-Square for Large Tables
Hi, didn't get your name. For large tables (5 X 5) or bigger the dist of the log of the cross product ratios tends to normality. there are (nC2)**2/2 of these (200 in a 5X5 table. The chi-sq test for independence fits a main effects loglinear model to the table and this can be expressed in terms of the cross product ratios (see Discrete Multivariate Analysis by bishop fineburg and holland 1975). Problems only arise when there are a lot of zeros as this posits weight in the log dist at +/- infinity. This in turn will result in a poor chi-sq approx. Gerard dsimcha <dsimcha at yahoo.co m> To Sent by: r-help at r-project.org r-help-bounces at r- cc project.org Subject [R] Validity of Pearson's 03/06/2009 04:32 Chi-Square for Large Tables Is Pearson's Chi-Square test for contingency tables asymptotically unbiased for large tables (large degrees of freedom) regardless of the expected values in each cell? The rule of thumb is that Pearson's Chi-square should not be used when large numbers of cells have expected values < 5. However, I compared the results on 4x4 contingency tables for R's chisq.test using chi-square approximation vs. chisq.test using a large number of monte carlo simulations, and the results agree within a fairly small error. This is true even when every cell of the table has an expected value < 2. I tried several tables, but the best example was: 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 As expected, the chi-square approximation appears to be very poor when both the expected values and degrees of freedom are small. Is there a good theoretical reason why the chi-square test seems to perform well on large contingency tables even with small expected values? Are the standard rules of thumb overly simplistic? -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Validity-of-Pearson%27s-Chi-Square-for-Large-Tables-tp23844791p23844791.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ********************************************************************************** The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. It is the policy of the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform and the Agencies and Offices using its IT services to disallow the sending of offensive material. Should you consider that the material contained in this message is offensive you should contact the sender immediately and also mailminder[at]justice.ie. Is le haghaidh an duine n? an eintitis ar a bhfuil s? d?rithe, agus le haghaidh an duine n? an eintitis sin amh?in, a bhearta?tear an fhaisn?is a tarchuireadh agus f?adfaidh s? go bhfuil ?bhar faoi r?n agus/n? faoi phribhl?id inti. Toirmisctear aon athbhreithni?, atarchur n? leathadh a dh?anamh ar an bhfaisn?is seo, aon ?s?id eile a bhaint aisti n? aon ghn?omh a dh?anamh ar a hiontaoibh, ag daoine n? ag eintitis seachas an faighteoir beartaithe. M? fuair t? ? seo tr? dhearmad, t?igh i dteagmh?il leis an seolt?ir, le do thoil, agus scrios an t-?bhar as aon r?omhaire. Is ? beartas na Roinne Dl? agus Cirt, Comhionannais agus Athch?irithe Dl?, agus na nOif?g? agus na nGn?omhaireachta? a ?s?ideann seirbh?s? TF na Roinne, seoladh ?bhair chol?il a dh?chead?. M?s rud ? go measann t? gur ?bhar col?il at? san ?bhar at? sa teachtaireacht seo is ceart duit dul i dteagmh?il leis an seolt?ir l?ithreach agus le mailminder[ag]justice.ie chomh maith. ***********************************************************************************