Dear users I am fitting a Generalized Additive Mixed Models (gamm) model to establish possible relationship between explanatory variables (water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll) and zooplankton data collected in the inner and outer estuarine waters. I am using monthly time-series which are auto-correlated. In the case of the inner waters, I have applied satisfactoryly (by ACF and PACF) an corAR1() as follows: gamm.zoo <- gamm(zoo~s(water.temperature) + s(dissolved.oxygen) + s(chlorophyll), data=datos,family=gaussian,corr=corAR1() ) But in the case of the outer estuarine waters, our data has a seasonal auto-correlation. I have tried to applied corARMA(p,q), but it is not completely satisfactory because I have an autocorrelation of order 1 and 12 as an seasonal ARIMA=(1,0,0)(1,0,0) I have tried to model it with corr=corARMA(p=12, fixed=c(NA,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,NA,NA))) However, I am not completely sure I am modelling what I should. I suspect the autocorrelation structure in the error term has been taken into account with corAR1/corARMA, but I cannot work it out how it is the random structure. I do not need to incorporate a random structure in my model, only need to take into account the autocorrelation term structure in the error term, but I am not sure that the model aforementioned is doing what I am trying to do. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance Guille