Dear R users. I would like to ask you a nonlinear regression problem that I have. Thr model is y=integrate(1/[(a+b*cos(x))*sqrt{(a+b*cos(x))^2-h^2}],from 0 to x) I tried the following code in writing the function and the minimization: y=c( 3.2, 3.4, 3.2, 3, 3.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.4, 3.2, 3.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 ) x=c( 0.2, 0.3, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4, 1.5, 2, 1.7, 1.7, 1.8, 1.8, 1.9, 1.9, 1.9 ) l=length(x) fun2<-function(u) { h<-u[1] a<-u[2] b<-x[3] f=vector(length=l) for(i in 1:l) { f[i]=h*integrate(function(t)((a+b*cos(t))*sqrt((a+b*cos(t))^2- h^2))^(-1),lower=0,upper=y[i])$value } ff=sum(1-cos(x-f)) ff } nlminb(c(1.9999,1,1),fun2,lower =c(0.0001,0,0), upper =c (1.9999,2*pi,2*pi)) This code runs ok, however the estimates of h, a and b are just the boundary values, which I think they are wrong. Please advise. I would appreciate your help. Sungsu UCR