Hi, Is R's implementation of Seasonal ARIMA in the arima() function a multiplicative or an additive model? e.g., is an ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)[12] from arima() the same as Box et al's ARIMA(0,1,1)x(0,1,1)[12] (from Time Series Analysis 1994, p.333). From another post http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/help/04/07/0117.html I suspect it's additive but I'm not sure. Thanks, Gad -- Gad Abraham Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia email: g.abraham at ms.unimelb.edu.au web: http://www.ms.unimelb.edu.au/~gabraham