Hello, Can anyone confirm if these 3 function calls are equivalent? I would like to test for treatment effects in a repeated-measures design. The design is balanced: # 1: aov(y~subject+treatment) # 2: aov(y~treatment+Error(subject)) # 3: lme(y~treatment, random= ~1|subject) # 4: lmer(y~treatment+(1|subject)) ###### Thanks in advance, -- Francisco Torreira PhD Candidate in Romance Linguistics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/ftorrei2/www/index.html tel: (+1) 217 - 778 8510