At the top of page 283 of Pinheiro and Bates, a covariance structure for the indomethicin example is specified as random = pdDiag(A1 + lrc1 + A2 + lrc2 ~ 1) The argument to pdDiag() looks like a two-sided formula, and I'm struggling to reconcile this with the syntax described in Ch4 of the book and online. Further down page 283 the formula is translated into list(A1 ~ 1, lrc1 ~ 1, A2 ~ 1, lrc2 ~ 1) which I find just as puzzling. Can anyone help? -- ************************************************ * I.White * * University of Edinburgh * * Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road * * Edinburgh EH9 3JT * * Fax: 0131 650 6564 Tel: 0131 650 5490 * * E-mail: i.m.s.white at ed.ac.uk *