Hi .. lm() returns an effects component in its output. I read the explanation in R but was not quite clear. say my response is Y and design matrix is X say X has QR decomposition X=QR is effects = Q (Q'Q)^-1 Q' Y ??? i am sure this is wrong as it did not match the output from lm() . what is the actual calculation. Harsh. --------------------------------- [[alternative HTML version deleted]]