Hi Thorsten Wiegand used in his paper Wiegand T., and K. A. Moloney 2004. Rings, circles and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 104: 209-229 a statistic he called O-Ring statistic which is similar to Ripley's K, only that it uses rings instead of circles. http://www.oesa.ufz.de/towi/towi_programita.html#ring Is this statistic included in one of the packages in R? Thanks, Rainer -- Rainer M. Krug, Dipl. Phys. (Germany), MSc Conservation Biology (UCT) Department of Conservation Ecology University of Stellenbosch Matieland 7602 South Africa Tel: +27 - (0)72 808 2975 (w) Fax: +27 - (0)21 808 3304 Cell: +27 - (0)83 9479 042 email: RKrug at sun.ac.za Rainer at krugs.de