Hello, I have the following doubts related with lm.ridge. I take the Longley example. First: I think coefficients from lm(Employed~.,data=longley) should be equal coefficients from lm.ridge(Employed~.,data=longley, lambda=0) why it does not happen? Second: if I have for example Ridge<-lm.ridge(Employed~., data=longley, lambda = seq(0,0.1,0.001)), I suppose intercept coefficients is defined implicit, why it does not appear in Ridge$coef? Third: I suppose that if I define y<-longley$Employed and X<-as.matrix(cbind(1,Longley[,1:6]) and I as the identity the following should be true: Coef=(X'X+kI)^(-1) X'y and if a take k=Ridge$kHKV, the coefficients should be approx equal to Ridge$Coef[near value of kHKV] and it does not happen, why? Numbers:> Ridge$kHKB[1] 0.004275357 Using the calculation above: Coef [,1] 1 -0.095492310 GNP.deflator -0.052759002 GNP 0.070993540 Unemployed -0.004244391 Armed.Forces -0.005725582 Population -0.413341544 Year 0.048420107 And if I take from Ridge&coef: Ridge$coef[0.004] GNP.deflator -0.03098507 GNP -1.32553151 Unemployed -1.53237769 Armed.Forces -0.63334911 Population -0.88690241 Year 6.82105049 Any help, suggestion or orientation? Thanks in advance Daniel Rozengardt [[alternative HTML version deleted]]