Hello, We would like to apply the smooth monotone function to our data which correspond to a non-linear function. We follow the example posted on the web, but in our case it did not apply. We always get a straight line in response. Which parameters we should change. ind.basis = create.bspline.basis(c(min(time),max(time)),nbasis=38,norder=4) Wfdob = data2fd(rep(0,length(time)),time,ind.basis) fd = data2fd(alphaest,time,ind.basis) solution= smooth.monotone(time,alphaest,Wfdobj=Wfdob,lambda=0.1, conv=0.01) Alpha = solution$beta[1]+solution$beta[2]*eval.monfd(time,solution$Wfdobj) plot(Alpha) Thanks a lot. Best, Rafa [[alternative HTML version deleted]]