Hi everyone, The Spatial Dependence (spdep) library, has a function called 'dnearneigh', which identifies neighbours of region points by Euclidean distance between lower (greater than) and upper (less than or equal to) bounds. The function returns a list of integer vectors giving the region id numbers for neighbours satisfying the distance criteria. I have used this to identify the euclidean distance of all points falling within 0-2000m of each of my surveys locations. Once distances are converted to inverse euclidean distances, the list looks something like this: [[1]] [1] 15.617376 0.535176 0.569497 [[2]] [1] 15.6173762 0.5415378 0.5773159 [[3]] [1] NA etc. For each of these points I also have presence/absence data for a particular owl species (all the location, PA, etc. is kept in a single data frame). Is there a way of creating a similar list to the one above, identifying the Presence or Absence of an owl at each of the points that fall with in 0-2000m of the interested site?? I am attempting to determine the following equation for each site, at a number of spatial lags, i.e. 0-2000, 0-4000, etc Autocovariatei = Sum wij yj / Sum wij Variables: Autocovariate for stop i yj = Presence (1) or Absence (0) at stop j wij = the inverse Euclidean distance between stops i and j Any help would be greatly appreciated. Mark [[alternative HTML version deleted]]