Linux Virtualization - Sep 2014 - [PATCH 0/2] virtio-gpu: hardware specification

Hi folks,

Lets kick off the virtio-gpu review process, starting with the virtio
protocol.

This is a tiny patch series for qemu.  Patch #1 carries the header file
describing the virtual hardware: config space, command structs being
sent over the rings, defines etc.  Patch #2 adds a text file describing
virtio-gpu to docs/specs/.  It covers 2D support only for now.

For anybody who wants to dig a bit deeper:  Here are the branches for
qemu and the linux kernel:

  https://www.kraxel.org/cgit/qemu/log/?h=rebase/vga-wip
  https://www.kraxel.org/cgit/linux/log/?h=virtio-gpu-rebase

The qemu patches are in a reasonable state.  The linux kernel patches
are not cleaned up yet, you probably want to look at the final tree
only.

Work has been done by Dave Airlie <airlied at redhat.com> and me.  The
authorship info in git got lost in the qemu patch cleanup process
though.  Suggestions how to handle that best?  Simply add both mine
and Dave's signed-off-by to all virtio-gpu qemu patches?  Is that fine
with you Dave?  Anyone has better ideas?

please review,
  Gerd Hoffmann

Gerd Hoffmann (2):
  virtio-gpu/2d: add hardware spec include file
  virtio-gpu/2d: add docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt

 docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt      | 165 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h | 158 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 323 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
 create mode 100644 include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h

-- 
1.8.3.1

This patch adds the header file with structs and defines for
the virtio based gpu device.  Covers 2d operations only.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
---
 include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h | 158 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 158 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h

diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h b/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..461f452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#ifndef VIRTGPU_HW_H
+#define VIRTGPU_HW_H
+
+enum virtgpu_ctrl_type {
+        VIRTGPU_UNDEFINED = 0,
+
+        /* 2d commands */
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO = 0x0100,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREF,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_INVAL_BACKING,
+
+        /* cursor commands */
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_UPDATE_CURSOR = 0x0300,
+        VIRTGPU_CMD_MOVE_CURSOR,
+
+        /* success responses */
+        VIRTGPU_RESP_OK_NODATA = 0x1100,
+        VIRTGPU_RESP_OK_DISPLAY_INFO,
+
+        /* error responses */
+        VIRTGPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC = 0x1200,
+};
+
+#define VIRTGPU_FLAG_FENCE (1 << 0)
+
+struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr {
+        uint32_t type;
+        uint32_t flags;
+        uint64_t fence_id;
+        uint32_t ctx_id;
+        uint32_t padding;
+};
+
+/* data passed in the cursor vq */
+
+struct virtgpu_cursor_pos {
+        uint32_t scanout_id;
+        uint32_t x, y;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_UPDATE_CURSOR, VIRTGPU_CMD_MOVE_CURSOR */
+struct virtgpu_update_cursor {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        struct virtgpu_cursor_pos pos;  /* update & move */
+        uint32_t resource_id;           /* update only */
+        uint32_t hot_x, hot_y;          /* update only */
+};
+
+/* data passed in the control vq, 2d related */
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREF */
+struct virtgpu_resource_unref {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D: create a simple 2d resource with a format */
+struct virtgpu_resource_create_2d {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+        uint32_t format;
+        uint32_t width;
+        uint32_t height;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT */
+struct virtgpu_set_scanout {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t scanout_id;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+        uint32_t width;
+        uint32_t height;
+        uint32_t x;
+        uint32_t y;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH */
+struct virtgpu_resource_flush {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+        uint32_t width;
+        uint32_t height;
+        uint32_t x;
+        uint32_t y;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D: simple transfer to_host */
+struct virtgpu_transfer_to_host_2d {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+        uint32_t offset;
+        uint32_t width;
+        uint32_t height;
+        uint32_t x;
+        uint32_t y;
+};
+
+struct virtgpu_mem_entry {
+        uint64_t addr;
+        uint32_t length;
+        uint32_t pad;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING */
+struct virtgpu_resource_attach_backing {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+        uint32_t nr_entries;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_INVAL_BACKING */
+struct virtgpu_resource_inval_backing {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        uint32_t resource_id;
+};
+
+/* VIRTGPU_RESP_OK_DISPLAY_INFO */
+#define VIRTGPU_MAX_SCANOUTS 16
+struct virtgpu_resp_display_info {
+        struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr hdr;
+        struct virtgpu_display_one {
+                uint32_t enabled;
+                uint32_t width;
+                uint32_t height;
+                uint32_t x;
+                uint32_t y;
+                uint32_t flags;
+        } pmodes[VIRTGPU_MAX_SCANOUTS];
+};
+
+#define VIRTGPU_EVENT_DISPLAY (1 << 0)
+
+struct virtgpu_config {
+        uint32_t events_read;
+        uint32_t events_clear;
+        uint32_t num_scanouts;
+        uint32_t reserved;
+};
+
+/* simple formats for fbcon/X use */
+enum virtgpu_formats {
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM          = 1,
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM          = 2,
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_A8R8G8B8_UNORM          = 3,
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_X8R8G8B8_UNORM          = 4,
+
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM          = 5,
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM            = 7,
+
+        VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM                = 64,
+};
+
+#endif
-- 
1.8.3.1

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
---
 docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt | 165 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 165 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt

diff --git a/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt b/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9455383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+virtio-gpu specification
+=======================+
+virtio-gpu is a virtio based graphics adapter.  It can operate in 2D
+mode and in 3D (virgl) mode.  3D mode will offload rendering ops to
+the host gpu and therefore requires a gpu with 3D support on the host
+machine.
+
+The initial version will have 2D mode only.  It provides support for
+ARGB Hardware cursors and multiple scanouts (aka heads).
+
+
+features
+--------
+
+There are no feature bits (yet).
+There will be one in the future for 3D mode support.
+
+
+config space
+------------
+
+struct virtgpu_config {
+        uint32_t events_read;
+        uint32_t events_clear;
+        uint32_t num_scanouts;
+        uint32_t reserved;
+};
+
+The two members events_read and events_clear are used to signal events
+to the driver.  Currently one event is defined for a display
+change. When a config space interrupt is received the driver should
+read the events_read field.  The events processed should be written to
+the events_clear field.  The device will clear the bits in events_read
+then, mimicing write-to-clear behavior.
+
+num_scanouts specifies the number of scanouts supported by the device.
+
+The fourth field is reserved (3D mode will need this in the future).
+
+
+virt queues
+-----------
+
+The virtio-gpu exposes 2 virtio queues to the guest:
+
+ (1) control vq - guest->host queue for sending commands and getting
+     responses when required.
+ (2) cursor vq - guest->host queue for sending cursor position and
+     resource updates
+
+Both queues have the same format.  Each request and each response have
+a fixed header (struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr), followed by command specific
+data fieds.  The separate cursor queue is the "fast track" for
+cursor-related commands, so they go though without being possibly
+delayed by other commands in the control queue.
+
+
+drive virtio-gpu in 2D mode
+---------------------------
+
+The virtio-gpu is based around the concept of resources private to the
+host, the guest must DMA transfer into these resources. This is a
+design requirement in order to interface with future 3D rendering. In
+the unaccelerated there is no support for DMA transfers from
+resources, just to them.
+
+Resources are initially simple 2D resources, consisting of a width,
+height and format along with an identifier. The guest must then attach
+backing store to the resources in order for DMA transfers to
+work. This is like a GART in a real GPU.
+
+A typical guest user would create a 2D resource using
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D, attach backing store using
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING, then attach the resource to a
+scanout using VIRTGPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT, then use
+VIRTGPU_CMD_TRANSFER_SEND_2D to send updates to the resource, and
+finally VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH to flush the scanout buffers to
+screen.
+
+
+control queue commands (2D)
+---------------------------
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO:
+  Command: none (just struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr).
+  Returns: struct virtgpu_resp_display_info.
+
+  Retrieve the current output configuration.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_create_2d
+
+  Create a 2D resource on the host.
+
+  This creates a 2D resource on the host with the specified width,
+  height and format. Only a small subset of formats are support. The
+  resource ids are generated by the guest.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREF:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_unref
+
+  Destroy a resource.
+
+  This informs the host that a resource is no longer required by the
+  guest.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_set_scanout
+
+  Set the scanout parameters for a single output.
+
+  This sets the scanout parameters for a single scanout. The
+  resource_id is the resource to be scanned out from, along with a
+  rectangle specified by x, y, width and height.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_flush
+
+  Flush a scanout resource.
+
+  This flushes a resource to screen, it takes a rectangle and a
+  resource id, and flushes any scanouts the resource is being used on.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_transfer_to_host_2d
+
+  Transfer from guest memory to host resource.
+
+  This takes a resource id along with an destination offset into the
+  resource, and a box to transfer from the host backing for the
+  resource.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_attach_backing
+
+  Assign backing pages to a resource.
+
+  This assign an array of guest pages (struct virtgpu_mem_entry) as
+  the backing store for a resource. These pages are then used for the
+  transfer operations for that resource from that point on.
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_INVAL_BACKING:
+  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_inval_backing
+
+  Detach backing pages from a resource.
+
+  This detaches any backing pages from a resource, to be used in case of
+  guest swapping or object destruction.
+
+
+cursor queue commands
+---------------------
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_UPDATE_CURSOR
+  Command: struct virtgpu_update_cursor
+
+  Update cursor from the specified resource id.  The driver must
+  transfer the cursor into the resource beforehand (using control
+  queue commands)
+
+VIRTGPU_CMD_MOVE_CURSOR
+  Command: struct virtgpu_update_cursor
+
+  Move cursor.  Only virtgpu_update_cursor.pos field is used.
-- 
1.8.3.1

On 11 September 2014 16:09, Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
wrote:
> This patch adds the header file with structs and defines for
> the virtio based gpu device.  Covers 2d operations only.
>
> Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
> ---
>  include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h | 158
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 158 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
>
> diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
b/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..461f452
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
> +#ifndef VIRTGPU_HW_H
> +#define VIRTGPU_HW_H
> +
> +enum virtgpu_ctrl_type {
> +        VIRTGPU_UNDEFINED = 0,
>
This is clearly all well out of line with our
coding style guide, which isn't a terribly good start...

thanks
-- PMM

On 09/11/2014 09:09 AM, Gerd Hoffmann wrote:
> This patch adds the header file with structs and defines for
> the virtio based gpu device.  Covers 2d operations only.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
> ---
>  include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h | 158
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 158 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
> 
> diff --git a/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
b/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..461f452
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/hw/virtio/virtgpu_hw.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
> +#ifndef VIRTGPU_HW_H
> +#define VIRTGPU_HW_H
Non-trivial file, deserves a copyright and license notice.
> +
> +enum virtgpu_ctrl_type {
> +        VIRTGPU_UNDEFINED = 0,
> +
> +        /* 2d commands */
> +        VIRTGPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO = 0x0100,
Please consider also adding:

#define VIRTGPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO VIRTGPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO

and friends.  It makes it MUCH nicer for application software to probe
for later extensions if every member of the enum is also associated with
a preprocessor macro.

> +
> +struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr {
> +        uint32_t type;
> +        uint32_t flags;
> +        uint64_t fence_id;
> +        uint32_t ctx_id;
> +        uint32_t padding;
> +};
> +
Is the padding to ensure that this is aligned regardless of 32-bit or
64-bit hosts?  Is it worth adding a compile-time assertion about the
size of the struct to ensure the compiler doesn't add any additional
padding?

-- 
Eric Blake   eblake redhat com    +1-919-301-3266
Libvirt virtualization library http://libvirt.org

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On 11 September 2014 16:09, Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
wrote:
> This patch adds the header file with structs and defines for
> the virtio based gpu device.  Covers 2d operations only.
Please don't cc subscriber only mailing lists
(virtio-dev at lists.oasis-open.org) on posts to qemu-devel;
it just means everybody responding gets mailer bounce
junkmail.

thanks
-- PMM

On 09/11/2014 09:09 AM, Gerd Hoffmann wrote:
> Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
> ---
>  docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt | 165
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 165 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
> 
> diff --git a/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt b/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..9455383
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
> +virtio-gpu specification
I know you are just following existing bad practice in this directory,
but it would be nice to declare copyright and license on this file.

> +
> +The two members events_read and events_clear are used to signal events
> +to the driver.  Currently one event is defined for a display
> +change. When a config space interrupt is received the driver should
> +read the events_read field.  The events processed should be written to
> +the events_clear field.  The device will clear the bits in events_read
> +then, mimicing write-to-clear behavior.
s/mimicing/mimicking/ (stupid English rule that any verb ending in 'ic'
becomes 'ick' when adding 'ed' or 'ing')
> +Both queues have the same format.  Each request and each response have
> +a fixed header (struct virtgpu_ctrl_hdr), followed by command specific
> +data fieds.  The separate cursor queue is the "fast track" for
s/fieds/fields/
> +The virtio-gpu is based around the concept of resources private to the
> +host, the guest must DMA transfer into these resources. This is a
> +design requirement in order to interface with future 3D rendering. In
> +the unaccelerated there is no support for DMA transfers from
s/unaccelerated/unaccelerated mode/
> +  This creates a 2D resource on the host with the specified width,
> +  height and format. Only a small subset of formats are support. The
s/support/supported/
and can you delineate that subset?

> +  This sets the scanout parameters for a single scanout. The
> +  resource_id is the resource to be scanned out from, along with a
> +  rectangle specified by x, y, width and height.
Is it worth a mention here or generically up front where 0,0 is in
relation to the screen, and in which direction positive numbers move?
I'm assuming 0,0 is top left, and larger x moves right, larger y moves down.

Are there restrictions against rectangles that overlap beyond screen
boundaries?

> +  This assign an array of guest pages (struct virtgpu_mem_entry) as
s/assign/assigns/

-- 
Eric Blake   eblake redhat com    +1-919-301-3266
Libvirt virtualization library http://libvirt.org

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On Thu, Sep 11, 2014 at 05:09:33PM +0200, Gerd Hoffmann
wrote:
> diff --git a/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt b/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..9455383
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
> +virtio-gpu specification
> +=======================
This document refers to the implementation for structs and does not
fully document the semantics of the virtqueue commands.

Mixing the implementation and specification is risky since
implementation changes cannot be checked against the specification.  In
order to make this document self-contained you need to define the struct
layouts.

Error conditions and corner cases are not documented for the virtqueue
commands.  I've asked about a few of them below, but there more are
required to make this specification complete enough so someone else
could write a compatible implementation.
> +drive virtio-gpu in 2D mode
> +---------------------------
> +
> +The virtio-gpu is based around the concept of resources private to the
> +host, the guest must DMA transfer into these resources. This is a
> +design requirement in order to interface with future 3D rendering. In
> +the unaccelerated there is no support for DMA transfers from
"the unaccelerated case"?
> +VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D:
> +  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_create_2d
> +
> +  Create a 2D resource on the host.
> +
> +  This creates a 2D resource on the host with the specified width,
> +  height and format. Only a small subset of formats are support. The
> +  resource ids are generated by the guest.
Can the host refuse due to lack of resources?
> +VIRTGPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT:
> +  Command: struct virtgpu_set_scanout
> +
> +  Set the scanout parameters for a single output.
> +
> +  This sets the scanout parameters for a single scanout. The
> +  resource_id is the resource to be scanned out from, along with a
> +  rectangle specified by x, y, width and height.
What if x, y, width, and height are out-of-range for the given resource?

What if width and height exceed the scanout width and height?

Is it possible to unset the scanout for a resource?  Can a resource be
set on multiple scanouts?

Does VIRTGPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT need to be called between every
VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH or is does the assignment persist?
> +VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING:
> +  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_attach_backing
> +
> +  Assign backing pages to a resource.
> +
> +  This assign an array of guest pages (struct virtgpu_mem_entry) as
"assigns"
> +  the backing store for a resource. These pages are then used for the
> +  transfer operations for that resource from that point on.
> +
> +VIRTGPU_CMD_RESOURCE_INVAL_BACKING:
> +  Command: struct virtgpu_resource_inval_backing
Why is it called INVAL_BACKING instead of DETACH_BACKING?  "Detach" is
logical since there is also an "attach" command.
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On 12 September 2014 01:09, Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
wrote:
>   Hi folks,
>
> Lets kick off the virtio-gpu review process, starting with the virtio
> protocol.
>
> This is a tiny patch series for qemu.  Patch #1 carries the header file
> describing the virtual hardware: config space, command structs being
> sent over the rings, defines etc.  Patch #2 adds a text file describing
> virtio-gpu to docs/specs/.  It covers 2D support only for now.
>
> For anybody who wants to dig a bit deeper:  Here are the branches for
> qemu and the linux kernel:
>
>   https://www.kraxel.org/cgit/qemu/log/?h=rebase/vga-wip
>   https://www.kraxel.org/cgit/linux/log/?h=virtio-gpu-rebase
>
> The qemu patches are in a reasonable state.  The linux kernel patches
> are not cleaned up yet, you probably want to look at the final tree
> only.
>
> Work has been done by Dave Airlie <airlied at redhat.com> and me. 
The
> authorship info in git got lost in the qemu patch cleanup process
> though.  Suggestions how to handle that best?  Simply add both mine
> and Dave's signed-off-by to all virtio-gpu qemu patches?  Is that fine
> with you Dave?  Anyone has better ideas?
I don't mind just adding a line in the commit msgs with Authors in it,
along with both signoffs.

Dave.

On Thu, Sep 11, 2014 at 05:09:33PM +0200, Gerd Hoffmann
wrote:
> Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel at redhat.com>
> ---
>  docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt | 165
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  1 file changed, 165 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 docs/specs/virtio-gpu.txt
Please don't put this hardware spec in QEMU.
Contribute it to OASIS Virtio TC instead.
If you need help with that, please let me know.

-- 
MST