Dear R helpers, I am trying to fit a model with the main objective of assessing differences, rather than predicting. The treatment was applied to half of the subjects after 9 months of measurement. Then 9 more months of data were collected. The variable "month" has measurement error due to the complexities of data collection. The dependent variable is numeric and continuous. This would be a simple difference between means were it not for the repeated measurements and measurement error. I am wondering what the R gurus suggest as to which R function might best model these data. I have been looking at tsls (two-stage least squares) in the sem package and pls (partial least squares). I am not sure about their compatibility with repeated measurements and time series. The response curve is also likely to be non-linear. The following script approximates the data, including sample size. In the real data, there are 18 months spread out over a 36 month period. #generate data tree<- gl(6,18,label = paste("tree",1:6)) month <- gl(18,1,length = 108,label = paste("month",1:18), ordered = TRUE) trtmt <- gl(2, 54, length = 108, label = paste("trt",1:2)) pre.post <- gl(2,9,length = 108, label = c("pre","post")) response <- runif(108, min = -28, max = -25) help <- data.frame(tree,month,trtmt,pre.post, response) Thank you in advance for your assistance. Toby Gass Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 email: tobygass at cnr.colostate.edu