I have a data frame that contains two ratings on several variables for each case. My objective at the moment is to calculate a Cohen's Kappa score for each of these variables between the two raters. Jim Lemon has kindly provided me with kappa.nom() to do the calculation, but I'm having trouble getting the data into the right format. Consider the variable "conv". It's now stored in a data frame such that letters.df$first.conv contains the first coder's evaluation for conv, and letters.df$second.conv contains the second coder's evaluation for conv. The levels for all these factors are c(-1,0,1). kappa.nom() requires a frequency table, such that for each case we have: -1 0 1 2 0 0 That is, the count of ratings of -1 (in this case, both coders assigned -1), the count of 0, and the count of 1. Is there a relatively easy way to do this? Many thanks. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Andrew J Perrin - http://www.unc.edu/~aperrin Assistant Professor of Sociology, U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill clists at perrin.socsci.unc.edu * andrew_perrin (at) unc.edu