Hello. This is my dataset. id order(t) A Previous A 1 1 0 NA 1 2 1 0 1 3 1 1 1 4 0 1 1 5 0 0 2 1 1 NA 2 2 0 1 3 1 1 NA 3 2 1 1 3 3 0 1 3 4 0 0 Id is individual. (ex.1=Mike, 2=Sandy) Order(t) is order of individual's behavior. A is idividual's behavior(ex. buying is 1 otherwise 0) at order. Previous A is lag value(order-1) of A I want to caculate C C's function is that C(t)=B*C(t-1)+(1-B)*Previous A My expected result is id order A Previous A C 1 1 0 NA 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 1 4 0 1 0.5 1 5 0 0 0.25 2 1 1 NA 0 2 2 0 1 0.5 3 1 1 NA 0 3 2 1 1 0.5 3 3 0 1 1 3 4 0 0 0.5 The point is that I shoud utilize C(t-1) value to get C(t). Also, I should consider individual(group condition) So, how I can handle this problem in R. Thank you. [[alternative HTML version deleted]]