I have this model: User belongs_to :group has_many :email_addresses has_many :phone_numbers has_many :urls The email_address, phone_number and url objects are subclasses of entry (a single table inheritance object) stored in the entries table. When I try and use User.find with and :include => [:team, :phone_numbers, :email_addresses, :urls] I get the following error: "unique table/alias: ''entries'':..." Am I missing something? If not, would it work to include :entries instead and hope that AR will use cached records to fill in phone_numbers, email_addresses and urls? My grasp of the issue is that AR is generating 3 joins for the entries table. When in fact a single join is all that is needed for a single table inheritance relationship. Either that or some SQL table name alias for each relationship. Right? -- Lon Baker Speedymac LLC http://www.speedymac.com AIM: spdemac Skype: spdemac