Dear R-users, I want to reproduce "a dynamic panel data model, autoregressive of order 1, with fixed effects" that was originally estimated with 2-step GMM in STATA. Reproducing the model in R shouldn't be a big deal, however, unfortunately I don't have the original STATA code and the lagged dependent variable is not "free-standing", but rather subtracted from another independent variable like this: Y(t) - Y(t-1) = b1 * [X(t) - X(t-1)] + b2 * [X(t-1)-Y(t-1)] So my question is on how to specify the instruments. The model I am trying to reproduce is instrumenting the endogenous lagged term by its 4th and the 5th lag. Do I need dynformula() for that or does one of the following specifications work as well? form1 <- diff(value.y) ~ diff(value.x) + lag(I(value.x-value.y),1) | lag(value.y,4:5) form2 <- diff(value.y) ~ diff(value.x) + lag(I(value.x-value.y),4:5) | lag(value.y,4:5) form3 <- diff(value.y) ~ diff(value.x) + diff.xy | lag(diff.xy,4:5) form4 <- diff(value.y) ~ diff(value.x) + lag(diff.xy,1) | lag(diff.xy,4:5) form5 <- diff(value.y) ~ diff(value.x) + lag(diff.xy,1) | lag(I(value.x-value.y),4:5) library(plm) value.x <- rnorm(336) value.y <- rnorm(336) diff.xy <- value.x - value.y my.data <- data.frame(expand.grid(ids=1:28,times=1:12),value.x,value.y,diff.xy) mod1 <- pgmm(formula=form1,data=my.data,index=c('ids','times'), effect="individual", model="twosteps") summary(mod1) Kind regards, Erich [[alternative HTML version deleted]]