Hi, I am trying to draw a perpendicular line from a point to two points. Mathematically I know how to do it, but to program it, I encounter some problem and hope can get help. Thanks. I have points, A, B and C. I calculate the slope and intercept for line drawn between A and B. I am trying to check whether I can draw a perpendicular line from C to line AB and get the x,y value for the point D at the intersection. Assume I get the slope of the perpendicular line, I will have my point (D) using variable x and y which is potentially on line AB. My idea was using |AC|*|AC| = |AD|*|AD|+ |CD|*|CD|. I don't know what function I may need to call to calculate the values for point D (uniroot?). Thank you. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Draw-a-perpendicular-line-tp2335882p2335882.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
Maybe perp.slope = -1/slope abline(cy - cx*perp.slope, perp.slope) where cx, cy are x- and y-coordinate of C, resp., and slope the slope you calculated for the line through A and B Am 24.Aug.2010 um 0:04 schrieb CZ:> > Hi, > > I am trying to draw a perpendicular line from a point to two points. > Mathematically I know how to do it, but to program it, I encounter some > problem and hope can get help. Thanks. > > I have points, A, B and C. I calculate the slope and intercept for line > drawn between A and B. > I am trying to check whether I can draw a perpendicular line from C to line > AB and get the x,y value for the point D at the intersection. > > Assume I get the slope of the perpendicular line, I will have my point (D) > using variable x and y which is potentially on line AB. My idea was using > |AC|*|AC| = |AD|*|AD|+ |CD|*|CD|. I don't know what function I may need to > call to calculate the values for point D (uniroot?). > > Thank you. > > > > -- > View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Draw-a-perpendicular-line-tp2335882p2335882.html > Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. > > ______________________________________________ > R-help at r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. >
At 3:04 PM -0700 8/23/10, CZ wrote:>Hi, > >I am trying to draw a perpendicular line from a point to two points. >Mathematically I know how to do it, but to program it, I encounter some >problem and hope can get help. Thanks. > >I have points, A, B and C. I calculate the slope and intercept for line >drawn between A and B. >I am trying to check whether I can draw a perpendicular line from C to line >AB and get the x,y value for the point D at the intersection. > >Assume I get the slope of the perpendicular line, I will have my point (D) >using variable x and y which is potentially on line AB. My idea was using >|AC|*|AC| = |AD|*|AD|+ |CD|*|CD|. I don't know what function I may need to >call to calculate the values for point D (uniroot?).This is easier than you think. Think of the x,y coordinates of each point : Then, the slope is slope = rise/run = (By- Ay)/(Bx- Ax) The Dx coordinate = Cx and the Dy = (Dx - Ax) * slope Then, to draw the line segment from C to D lines(C,D) In R: A <- c(2,4) B <- c(4,1) C <- c(8,10) slope <-( C[2]- A[2])/(C[1]-A[1]) #rise/run D <- c(B[1],(B[1]-A[1])*slope + A[2]) # find D my.data <- rbind(A,B,C,D) colnames(my.data) <- c("X","Y") my.data #show it plot(my.data,type="n") #graph it without the points text(my.data,rownames(my.data)) #put the points in segments(A[1],A[2],C[1],C[2]) #draw the line segments segments(B[1],B[2],D[1],D[2]) Bill> >Thank you. > > > >-- >View this message in context: >http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Draw-a-perpendicular-line-tp2335882p2335882.html >Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. > >______________________________________________ >R-help at r-project.org mailing list >https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Hi:
The function below plots the line segment between two points A and B as well
as the normal from C to AB, with a dot as the intersection point (D), which
is returned with the function call. The aspect ratio is kept at one so that
the orthogonality between the two lines is not distorted by the axis
scaling.
The input is a 3 x 2 matrix with point A in the first row, B in the second
and C in the third.
normalLine <- function(pts) {
# A function that takes points A, B, C (rows of matrix pts)
# as input
# find slope of line between A and B
# find equation of normal that passes through C
# find the intersection point D between AB and its normal
# through C
if(nrow(pts) != 3 || ncol(pts) != 2) stop('input matrix must be 3 x 2')
A <- pts[1, , drop = TRUE]
B <- pts[2, , drop = TRUE]
C <- pts[3, , drop = TRUE]
slopeAB <- (B[2] - A[2])/(B[1] - A[1])
slopeNorm <- -1/slopeAB
a <- A[2] - slopeAB * A[1]
b <- C[2] - slopeNorm * C[1]
xintersect <- (b - a)/(slopeAB - slopeNorm)
yintersect <- b + slopeNorm * xintersect
mxlim <- max(pts)
mnlim <- min(pts)
plot(pts[, 1], pts[, 2], pch = c('A', 'B', 'C'), xlab =
"", ylab = "",
xlim = c(mnlim, mxlim), ylim = c(mnlim, mxlim))
segments(A[1], A[2], B[1], B[2])
segments(xintersect, yintersect, C[1], C[2])
points(xintersect, yintersect, pch = 16, cex = 1.2)
c(xintersect, yintersect)
}
## Test:
pts <- matrix(c(1, 2, 5, 9, 3, 4), ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
normalLine(pts)
HTH,
Dennis
On Wed, Aug 25, 2010 at 8:54 AM, William Revelle <lists@revelle.net>
wrote:
> At 3:04 PM -0700 8/23/10, CZ wrote:
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> I am trying to draw a perpendicular line from a point to two points.
>> Mathematically I know how to do it, but to program it, I encounter some
>> problem and hope can get help. Thanks.
>>
>> I have points, A, B and C. I calculate the slope and intercept for
line
>> drawn between A and B.
>> I am trying to check whether I can draw a perpendicular line from C to
>> line
>> AB and get the x,y value for the point D at the intersection.
>>
>> Assume I get the slope of the perpendicular line, I will have my point
(D)
>> using variable x and y which is potentially on line AB. My idea was
>> using
>> |AC|*|AC| = |AD|*|AD|+ |CD|*|CD|. I don't know what function I may
need
>> to
>> call to calculate the values for point D (uniroot?).
>>
>
>
> This is easier than you think.
> Think of the x,y coordinates of each point :
> Then, the slope is slope = rise/run = (By- Ay)/(Bx- Ax)
> The Dx coordinate = Cx and the Dy = (Dx - Ax) * slope
> Then, to draw the line segment from C to D
> lines(C,D)
>
> In R:
>
> A <- c(2,4)
> B <- c(4,1)
> C <- c(8,10)
> slope <-( C[2]- A[2])/(C[1]-A[1]) #rise/run
> D <- c(B[1],(B[1]-A[1])*slope + A[2]) # find D
>
> my.data <- rbind(A,B,C,D)
> colnames(my.data) <- c("X","Y")
> my.data #show it
> plot(my.data,type="n") #graph it without the points
> text(my.data,rownames(my.data)) #put the points in
> segments(A[1],A[2],C[1],C[2]) #draw the line segments
> segments(B[1],B[2],D[1],D[2])
>
> Bill
>
>
>
>
>> Thank you.
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> View this message in context:
>>
http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Draw-a-perpendicular-line-tp2335882p2335882.html
>> Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
>>
>> ______________________________________________
>> R-help@r-project.org mailing list
>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>> PLEASE do read the posting guide
>> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>>
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help@r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Thank you all for your suggestions and especially the codes. Now I am able to solve it by finding the intercepts and slopes for both lines first, and then I can find the coordinates of x and y at the intersection. At first I forgot how to use C to get the intercept of line CD... Thanks again. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Draw-a-perpendicular-line-tp2335882p2338864.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.