I had disabled one of multiple interfaces a few days ago using ifconfig eth1 down. When I went to restart samba, nmbd wouldn't come up and gave absolutely no indication of why. The only way to have figured this out (other than removing options from smb.conf one at a time) would have been to use the debugger. So, I learned that smbd and nmbd will ALWAYS come up in daemon mode whether or not the -D is specified. It puts this into the log: standard input is not a socket, assuming -D option This looks like a pretty stupid assumption; I started smbd from the command line, which I expect is the most common way to run it if you're trying to debug things, and it insisted on always going into the background. There should be an option to force it to stay in the foreground and log to stdout. Just my $.02. Mark