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...c, e.g., compute X3 where X3 is the sum of X1 of all j in m, and this for each m. The new variable X3 is then added to the data frame (and is the same for all rows with the same m indicator). How can I program this efficiently without running loops? Thanks in advance Jo Reynaerts Ph.D. student LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Debériotstraat 34/3511 B-3000 Leuven Belgium Jo.Reynaerts@econ.kuleuven.be<mailto:Jo.Reynaerts@econ.kuleuven.be> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

...n??o m?dica; e o tamb?m preso pol?tico Dr. Oscar El?as Biscet, que jaz em uma masmorra do C?rcere Kilo Cinco e Meio, na Estrada Luis Lazo, prov?ncia Pinar del Rio. Denunciaram igualmente a artificialidade da farsa publicit?ria castrista sobre o "bloqueio" externo os bispos cat?licos da ilha, Mons. Alfredo Petit e H?ctor Luis Pe?a; o economista, tamb?m exilado, Carmelo Mesa-Lago; e o laureado escritor exilado Guillermo Cabrera Infante, que afirmou: "Cuba n?o ? um pa?s pobre, ? um pa?s empobrecido pela pol?tica de Castro, que tem destru?do a economia. Crer que o...

...c, e.g., compute X3 where X3 is the sum of X1 of all j in m, and this for each m. The new variable X3 is then added to the data frame (and is the same for all rows with the same m indicator). How can I program this efficiently without running loops? Thanks in advance Jo Reynaerts Ph.D. student LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Deb?riotstraat 34/3511 B-3000 Leuven Belgium Jo.Reynaerts at econ.kuleuven.be<mailto:Jo.Reynaerts at econ.kuleuven.be> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] ------------------------------ Message: 8...

I have a site where Users can become Friends with other Users. I used to do this with a habtm, but of course I want to stay up-to-date and convert this to a has_many :trough. Unfortunately I can''t get it to work.. the documentation on this feature is a bit sparse at the moment. This is my old habtm: has_and_belongs_to_many :friends, :join_table => ''user_friends'',