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Hi, I have a set of matrix data named “invest” consists of 450 observations (75 countries, 6 years) with 7 variables (set as I, pop, inv, gov, c, life, d; which each is “numeric[450]”). The procedure is modify from code provided by B.E. Hansen at http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~bhansen/progs/ecnmt_00.html. *Then the variable is being transformed to* y <- lag_v(i,0) cf <- lag_v(c,0) lpop <- lag_v(pop,0) linv <- lag_v(inv,0) lgov <- lag_v(gov,0) d1 <- lag_v(d,0) llife <- lag_v(life,0) yt...

Rers: I have some ecological data (stream velocity vs. % cover of submerged weeds) that shows strong evidence of a thresholding step-function, e.g. below some velocity, % cover ranges from 0% to 100% (with no apparent relationship to velocity within this range of velocities), but above a certain "threshold" velocity, the % cover does not appear to exceed, say, 10%. There are good