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Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com

2017-Nov-01 12:31 UTC

[R] repeat a function

I want to populate the matrix prb through the function HWMProb <- function
(a,j,dt) that encapsulates different functions (please see code below), using j=
0:2 for each j.

It only populates prb if I specify each function independently in the global
environment and then run the loop with the iF statement, as per below.
for (j in 0:2) {
  if (j==0) {
    prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
    prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
    prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
  }
  else {
    if (j==jmax) {
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <- BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
    }
    else {
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
    } # Close 2nd IF
  } # Close 1st IF
}

Many thanks in advance.
Kind regards,

Eric Pueyo
Investment Risk Analyst
Email:  Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com<mailto:Eric.Pueyo at
avivainvestors.com>
D: +44 (0)20 7809 8070
No. 1 Undershaft, London EC3P 3DQ
Web:
www.avivainvestors.com<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avivainvestors.com_&d=CwMFAg&c=zUO0BtkCe66yJvAZ4cAvZg&r=-34SVFvqwmZvbxD0ShuYglbuijP84lygitjFgiP1fxI&m=kRg3I7ESFxV-KaNbYHN6DPupgyEmFCiThNO6oDnpAFs&s=tQa1EuXKNfzRgiR2HgG0H_tW_X-BCpgebe5AL9A_GC8&e=>

jmax<-2
prb <-matrix(0L,nrow=5, ncol=3)
rownames(prb) <- c(seq(-2,2, by = 1))
colnames(prb) <- c(-1,0,1)
a<- 0.1
dt<-1

ExpX <-function(x,a,dt) {                              ######Defines the
Expectation of X on t+1 | t
ExpX <- x*exp(-a*dt)
ExpX
}
Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
multiplicative
  Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
  Mfactor
}
VarX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                         #######Defubes the
Variance of X on t+1 | t
  VarX <- (sigma^2/(2*a))*(1-exp(-2*a*dt))
  VarX
}
DeltaX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                       ######Defines the
change of X
  DeltaX<- sqrt(3*VarX(sigma,a,dt))
  DeltaX<-value(DeltaX)
}

Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
multiplicative
  Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
  Mfactor
}

KNode<-function(sigma,x,a,j,dt) {                    ######Central Node
  KNode<- round(ExpX(x,a,dt)/DeltaX(sigma,a,dt))
  KNode
}

####### Probability Calculations taking into account different branches
HWMProb <- function (a,j,dt) {
  ######################### DESCRIPTION #####################################
  ProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2)                     ######### Probability X going up
  ProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) 2 / 3 - (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2)          
######## Probability X going middle
  ProbDWN<-function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2)                  #######  Probability X going down
  TOPProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + 3 * j
* Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2                 ####### Top branch probability going up
  TOPProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - 2 * j
* Mfactor(a, dt)              ####### Top branch probability going MID
  TOPProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2               ####### Top branch probability going DOWN
  BTTMProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2           ####### Bottom branch probability going u
  BTTMProbMID<- function( a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + 2 *
j * Mfactor(a, dt)               ####### Bottom branch probability going MID
  BTTMProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - 3 *
j * Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2              ####### Bottom branch probability going
DOWN

  if (j==0) {
    prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
    prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
    prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
  }
  else {
    if (j==jmax) {
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <- BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
    }
    else {
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
     prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
    } # Close 2nd IF
  } # Close 1st IF
} #Close Formula

for (j in 0:2) {
  HWMProb(a,j,dt)

}


	[[alternative HTML version deleted]]

PIKAL Petr

2017-Nov-02 15:56 UTC

head link

[R] repeat a function

Hi Eric

I did not see any answer and frankly speaking I cannot provide you with canned
help.

AFAIK if a function is defined within another function (which is your case) it
cannot be called directly so it is necessary to define it in global environment.
>  fff <- function(x) {+  myf <- function(a) a+2
+  myf(x)^2}>
> fff(5)
[1] 49> myf(5)Error in myf(5) : could not find function
"myf">
Your function set is quite complicated but I wonder why would it be necessary to
use for cycle for what seems to be simple table. Everything seems quite
deterministic.

Basically you have combination of rows (-2,-1,0,1,2) and columns -1,-,1.
expand.grid(u=-2:2, v=-1:1)
for each row you can than use one function with parameters u, v and a and dt.
After you calculate vector of results, you can easily transform it to matrix by
setting dim argument to it.

Cheers
Petr
> -----Original Message-----
> From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf Of
> Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com
> Sent: Wednesday, November 1, 2017 1:31 PM
> To: r-help at r-project.org
> Subject: [R] repeat a function
>
> I want to populate the matrix prb through the function HWMProb <-
function
> (a,j,dt) that encapsulates different functions (please see code below),
using j> 0:2 for each j.
>
> It only populates prb if I specify each function independently in the
global
> environment and then run the loop with the iF statement, as per below.
> for (j in 0:2) {
>   if (j==0) {
>     prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>   }
>   else {
>     if (j==jmax) {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     }
>     else {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     } # Close 2nd IF
>   } # Close 1st IF
> }
>
> Many thanks in advance.
> Kind regards,
>
> Eric Pueyo
> Investment Risk Analyst
> Email:
> Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com<mailto:Eric.Pueyo at
avivainvestors.com>
> D: +44 (0)20 7809 8070
> No. 1 Undershaft, London EC3P 3DQ
> Web:
> www.avivainvestors.com<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-
>
3A__www.avivainvestors.com_&d=CwMFAg&c=zUO0BtkCe66yJvAZ4cAvZg&r=-
> 34SVFvqwmZvbxD0ShuYglbuijP84lygitjFgiP1fxI&m=kRg3I7ESFxV-
> KaNbYHN6DPupgyEmFCiThNO6oDnpAFs&s=tQa1EuXKNfzRgiR2HgG0H_tW_X-
> BCpgebe5AL9A_GC8&e=>
>
> jmax<-2
> prb <-matrix(0L,nrow=5, ncol=3)
> rownames(prb) <- c(seq(-2,2, by = 1))
> colnames(prb) <- c(-1,0,1)
> a<- 0.1
> dt<-1
>
> ExpX <-function(x,a,dt) {                              ######Defines the
Expectation of X
> on t+1 | t
> ExpX <- x*exp(-a*dt)
> ExpX
> }
> Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
multiplicative
>   Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
>   Mfactor
> }
> VarX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                         #######Defubes the
Variance of X
> on t+1 | t
>   VarX <- (sigma^2/(2*a))*(1-exp(-2*a*dt))
>   VarX
> }
> DeltaX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                       ######Defines the
change of X
>   DeltaX<- sqrt(3*VarX(sigma,a,dt))
>   DeltaX<-value(DeltaX)
> }
>
> Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
multiplicative
>   Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
>   Mfactor
> }
>
> KNode<-function(sigma,x,a,j,dt) {                    ######Central Node
>   KNode<- round(ExpX(x,a,dt)/DeltaX(sigma,a,dt))
>   KNode
> }
>
> ####### Probability Calculations taking into account different branches
> HWMProb <- function (a,j,dt) {
>   ######################### DESCRIPTION
> #####################################
>   ProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + j
* Mfactor(a,
> dt)) / 2)                     ######### Probability X going up
>   ProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) 2 / 3 - (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2)
> ######## Probability X going middle
>   ProbDWN<-function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - j
* Mfactor(a,
> dt)) / 2)                  #######  Probability X going down
>   TOPProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 +
3 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2                 ####### Top branch probability going up
>   TOPProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 -
2 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)              ####### Top branch probability going MID
>   TOPProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 +
j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2               ####### Top branch probability going DOWN
>   BTTMProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 -
j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2           ####### Bottom branch probability going u
>   BTTMProbMID<- function( a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2
+ 2 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)               ####### Bottom branch probability going MID
>   BTTMProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2
- 3 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2              ####### Bottom branch probability going
DOWN
>
>   if (j==0) {
>     prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>   }
>   else {
>     if (j==jmax) {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     }
>     else {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     } # Close 2nd IF
>   } # Close 1st IF
> } #Close Formula
>
> for (j in 0:2) {
>   HWMProb(a,j,dt)
>
> }
>
>
>       [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
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Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com

2017-Nov-02 16:54 UTC

head link

[R] repeat a function

Hi Petr, 

Many thanks for your response.

Basically I want to create a probability matrix to be used in a trinomial tree
going forward. This is the reason why I thought to build the matrix around 0
would be much more efficient. I need to loop through because the probabilities
will depend on my node and is not always the same per row (e.g. if N> jmax,
jmax being defined in another function)
I found a workaround. Please see below. 
Thereafter I want to optimize this function. Hopefully it works.

Many thanks,
Eric

HWMProb <- function(N) {
  ProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2)          ######### Probability X going up
  ProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) 2 / 3 - (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2)          
######## Probability X going middle
  ProbDWN<-function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2)          #######  Probability X going down
  TOPProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + 3 * j
* Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2     ####### Top branch probability going up
  TOPProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - 2 * j
* Mfactor(a, dt)          ####### Top branch probability going MID
  TOPProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2        ####### Top branch probability going DOWN
  BTTMProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - j *
Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2        ####### Bottom branch probability going u
  BTTMProbMID<- function( a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + 2 *
j * Mfactor(a, dt)        ####### Bottom branch probability going MID
  BTTMProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - 3 *
j * Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2   ####### Bottom branch probability going DOWN

if (N>jmax) N=jmax

for (j in 0:N) {    
  if (j==0) {
    prb["0","1"] <<- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
    prb["0","0"] <<- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
    prb["0","-1"] <<- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
  }
  else {
    if (j==jmax) {
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <<- TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <<-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <<-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <<-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <<-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <<-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
    }
    else {
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <<- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <<- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <<- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <<- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <<- ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <<-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
    } # Close 2nd IF
  } # Close 1st IF
} #end for
}


-----Original Message-----
From: PIKAL Petr [mailto:petr.pikal at precheza.cz] 
Sent: 02 November 2017 15:56
To: Eric Pueyo; r-help at r-project.org
Subject: RE: [R] repeat a function

Hi Eric

I did not see any answer and frankly speaking I cannot provide you with canned
help.

AFAIK if a function is defined within another function (which is your case) it
cannot be called directly so it is necessary to define it in global environment.
>  fff <- function(x) {+  myf <- function(a) a+2
+  myf(x)^2}>
> fff(5)
[1] 49> myf(5)Error in myf(5) : could not find function
"myf">
Your function set is quite complicated but I wonder why would it be necessary to
use for cycle for what seems to be simple table. Everything seems quite
deterministic.

Basically you have combination of rows (-2,-1,0,1,2) and columns -1,-,1.
expand.grid(u=-2:2, v=-1:1)
for each row you can than use one function with parameters u, v and a and dt.
After you calculate vector of results, you can easily transform it to matrix by
setting dim argument to it.

Cheers
Petr
> -----Original Message-----
> From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf Of 
> Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com
> Sent: Wednesday, November 1, 2017 1:31 PM
> To: r-help at r-project.org
> Subject: [R] repeat a function
>
> I want to populate the matrix prb through the function HWMProb <- 
> function
> (a,j,dt) that encapsulates different functions (please see code 
> below), using j> 0:2 for each j.
>
> It only populates prb if I specify each function independently in the 
> global environment and then run the loop with the iF statement, as per
below.
> for (j in 0:2) {
>   if (j==0) {
>     prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>   }
>   else {
>     if (j==jmax) {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     }
>     else {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     } # Close 2nd IF
>   } # Close 1st IF
> }
>
> Many thanks in advance.
> Kind regards,
>
> Eric Pueyo
> Investment Risk Analyst
> Email:
> Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com<mailto:Eric.Pueyo at
avivainvestors.com>
> D: +44 (0)20 7809 8070
> No. 1 Undershaft, London EC3P 3DQ
> Web:
> www.avivainvestors.com<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http
> -
>
3A__www.avivainvestors.com_&d=CwMFAg&c=zUO0BtkCe66yJvAZ4cAvZg&r=-
> 34SVFvqwmZvbxD0ShuYglbuijP84lygitjFgiP1fxI&m=kRg3I7ESFxV-
> KaNbYHN6DPupgyEmFCiThNO6oDnpAFs&s=tQa1EuXKNfzRgiR2HgG0H_tW_X-
> BCpgebe5AL9A_GC8&e=>
>
> jmax<-2
> prb <-matrix(0L,nrow=5, ncol=3)
> rownames(prb) <- c(seq(-2,2, by = 1))
> colnames(prb) <- c(-1,0,1)
> a<- 0.1
> dt<-1
>
> ExpX <-function(x,a,dt) {                              ######Defines the
Expectation of X
> on t+1 | t
> ExpX <- x*exp(-a*dt)
> ExpX
> }
> Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
multiplicative
>   Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
>   Mfactor
> }
> VarX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                         #######Defubes the
Variance of X
> on t+1 | t
>   VarX <- (sigma^2/(2*a))*(1-exp(-2*a*dt))
>   VarX
> }
> DeltaX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                       ######Defines the
change of X
>   DeltaX<- sqrt(3*VarX(sigma,a,dt))
>   DeltaX<-value(DeltaX)
> }
>
> Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
multiplicative
>   Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
>   Mfactor
> }
>
> KNode<-function(sigma,x,a,j,dt) {                    ######Central Node
>   KNode<- round(ExpX(x,a,dt)/DeltaX(sigma,a,dt))
>   KNode
> }
>
> ####### Probability Calculations taking into account different 
> branches HWMProb <- function (a,j,dt) {
>   ######################### DESCRIPTION 
> #####################################
>   ProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 + j
* Mfactor(a,
> dt)) / 2)                     ######### Probability X going up
>   ProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) 2 / 3 - (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2) 
> ######## Probability X going middle
>   ProbDWN<-function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 - j
* Mfactor(a,
> dt)) / 2)                  #######  Probability X going down
>   TOPProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 +
3 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2                 ####### Top branch probability going up
>   TOPProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 -
2 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)              ####### Top branch probability going MID
>   TOPProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 +
j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2               ####### Top branch probability going DOWN
>   BTTMProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2 -
j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2           ####### Bottom branch probability going u
>   BTTMProbMID<- function( a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2
+ 2 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)               ####### Bottom branch probability going MID
>   BTTMProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2
- 3 * j *
> Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2              ####### Bottom branch probability going
DOWN
>
>   if (j==0) {
>     prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>     prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>   }
>   else {
>     if (j==jmax) {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     }
>     else {
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <- ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
>      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <- ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
>       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
>     } # Close 2nd IF
>   } # Close 1st IF
> } #Close Formula
>
> for (j in 0:2) {
>   HWMProb(a,j,dt)
>
> }
>
>
>       [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see 
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide 
> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
________________________________
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Bert Gunter

2017-Nov-02 17:08 UTC

head link

[R] repeat a function

Petr et al. :

I only wish to comment on Petr's remark; I have nothing useful to say about
the subject of this thread.

"AFAIK if a function is defined within another function (which is your
case) it cannot be called directly so it is necessary to define it in
global environment."

Right, a deliberate consequence of R's (lexical) scoping semantics.
However, as you are probably aware, a function can *return* a function that
is then visible and can be called in the caller's scope. e.g. , using your
example:
> fff <- function(a){    function(x) x^2 + a
 }
> fff(2)(3) ## note syntax: 3^2 + 2[1] 11
> fff(3)(2) ## 2^2 + 3[1] 7

## or you can assign the function to a symbol and call it directly
> myf <- fff(2)
> myf(3) ## 3^2 + 2[1] 11


You all can decide whether or not this is useful in the current context.

Cheers,
Bert



Bert Gunter

"The trouble with having an open mind is that people keep coming along and
sticking things into it."
-- Opus (aka Berkeley Breathed in his "Bloom County" comic strip )

On Thu, Nov 2, 2017 at 8:56 AM, PIKAL Petr <petr.pikal at precheza.cz>
wrote:
> Hi Eric
>
> I did not see any answer and frankly speaking I cannot provide you with
> canned help.
>
> AFAIK if a function is defined within another function (which is your
> case) it cannot be called directly so it is necessary to define it in
> global environment.
>
> >  fff <- function(x) {
> +  myf <- function(a) a+2
> +  myf(x)^2}
> >
> > fff(5)
> [1] 49
> > myf(5)
> Error in myf(5) : could not find function "myf"
> >
>
> Your function set is quite complicated but I wonder why would it be
> necessary to use for cycle for what seems to be simple table. Everything
> seems quite deterministic.
>
> Basically you have combination of rows (-2,-1,0,1,2) and columns -1,-,1.
> expand.grid(u=-2:2, v=-1:1)
> for each row you can than use one function with parameters u, v and a and
> dt.
> After you calculate vector of results, you can easily transform it to
> matrix by setting dim argument to it.
>
> Cheers
> Petr
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: R-help [mailto:r-help-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf Of
> > Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com
> > Sent: Wednesday, November 1, 2017 1:31 PM
> > To: r-help at r-project.org
> > Subject: [R] repeat a function
> >
> > I want to populate the matrix prb through the function HWMProb <-
> function
> > (a,j,dt) that encapsulates different functions (please see code
below),
> using j> > 0:2 for each j.
> >
> > It only populates prb if I specify each function independently in the
> global
> > environment and then run the loop with the iF statement, as per below.
> > for (j in 0:2) {
> >   if (j==0) {
> >     prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
> >     prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
> >     prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
> >   }
> >   else {
> >     if (j==jmax) {
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
> >     }
> >     else {
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
ProbUP(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
ProbMID(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
> >     } # Close 2nd IF
> >   } # Close 1st IF
> > }
> >
> > Many thanks in advance.
> > Kind regards,
> >
> > Eric Pueyo
> > Investment Risk Analyst
> > Email:
> > Eric.Pueyo at avivainvestors.com<mailto:Eric.Pueyo at
avivainvestors.com>
> > D: +44 (0)20 7809 8070
> > No. 1 Undershaft, London EC3P 3DQ
> > Web:
> >
www.avivainvestors.com<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-
> >
3A__www.avivainvestors.com_&d=CwMFAg&c=zUO0BtkCe66yJvAZ4cAvZg&r=-
> > 34SVFvqwmZvbxD0ShuYglbuijP84lygitjFgiP1fxI&m=kRg3I7ESFxV-
> > KaNbYHN6DPupgyEmFCiThNO6oDnpAFs&s=tQa1EuXKNfzRgiR2HgG0H_tW_X-
> > BCpgebe5AL9A_GC8&e=>
> >
> > jmax<-2
> > prb <-matrix(0L,nrow=5, ncol=3)
> > rownames(prb) <- c(seq(-2,2, by = 1))
> > colnames(prb) <- c(-1,0,1)
> > a<- 0.1
> > dt<-1
> >
> > ExpX <-function(x,a,dt) {                             
######Defines the
> Expectation of X
> > on t+1 | t
> > ExpX <- x*exp(-a*dt)
> > ExpX
> > }
> > Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
> multiplicative
> >   Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
> >   Mfactor
> > }
> > VarX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                        
#######Defubes the
> Variance of X
> > on t+1 | t
> >   VarX <- (sigma^2/(2*a))*(1-exp(-2*a*dt))
> >   VarX
> > }
> > DeltaX <-function(sigma,a,dt) {                       ######Defines
the
> change of X
> >   DeltaX<- sqrt(3*VarX(sigma,a,dt))
> >   DeltaX<-value(DeltaX)
> > }
> >
> > Mfactor<-function(a,dt)  {                           #######Factor
> multiplicative
> >   Mfactor<- exp(-a*dt)-1
> >   Mfactor
> > }
> >
> > KNode<-function(sigma,x,a,j,dt) {                    ######Central
Node
> >   KNode<- round(ExpX(x,a,dt)/DeltaX(sigma,a,dt))
> >   KNode
> > }
> >
> > ####### Probability Calculations taking into account different
branches
> > HWMProb <- function (a,j,dt) {
> >   ######################### DESCRIPTION
> > #####################################
> >   ProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2
+ j
> * Mfactor(a,
> > dt)) / 2)                     ######### Probability X going up
> >   ProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) 2 / 3 - (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2)
> > ######## Probability X going middle
> >   ProbDWN<-function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + ((j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^ 2
- j
> * Mfactor(a,
> > dt)) / 2)                  #######  Probability X going down
> >   TOPProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^
2 +
> 3 * j *
> > Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2                 ####### Top branch probability
going
> up
> >   TOPProbMID<- function(a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt) ^
2 -
> 2 * j *
> > Mfactor(a, dt)              ####### Top branch probability going MID
> >   TOPProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt)
^ 2 +
> j *
> > Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2               ####### Top branch probability going
> DOWN
> >   BTTMProbUP<- function( a, j, dt) 1 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt)
^ 2 -
> j *
> > Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2           ####### Bottom branch probability going
u
> >   BTTMProbMID<- function( a, j, dt) -1 / 3 - j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt)
^ 2
> + 2 * j *
> > Mfactor(a, dt)               ####### Bottom branch probability going
MID
> >   BTTMProbDWN<- function( a, j, dt) 7 / 6 + (j ^ 2 * Mfactor(a, dt)
^ 2
> - 3 * j *
> > Mfactor(a, dt)) / 2              ####### Bottom branch probability
going
> DOWN
> >
> >   if (j==0) {
> >     prb["0","1"] <- ProbUP(a,j,dt)
> >     prb["0","0"] <- ProbMID(a,j,dt)
> >     prb["0","-1"] <- ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
> >   }
> >   else {
> >     if (j==jmax) {
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
TOPProbUP(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
TOPProbMID(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
TOPProbDWN(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
BTTMProbUP(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
BTTMProbMID(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
BTTMProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
> >     }
> >     else {
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
ProbUP(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
ProbMID(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"1"] <-
ProbUP(a,-j,dt)
> >      prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"0"] <-
ProbMID(a,-j,dt)
> >       prb[paste(-j,sep = ""),"-1"] <-
ProbDWN(a,-j,dt)
> >     } # Close 2nd IF
> >   } # Close 1st IF
> > } #Close Formula
> >
> > for (j in 0:2) {
> >   HWMProb(a,j,dt)
> >
> > }
> >
> >
> >       [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/
> posting-guide.html
> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
> ________________________________
> Tento e-mail a jak?koliv k n?mu p?ipojen? dokumenty jsou d?v?rn? a jsou
> ur?eny pouze jeho adres?t?m.
> Jestli?e jste obdr?el(a) tento e-mail omylem, informujte laskav?
> neprodlen? jeho odes?latele. Obsah tohoto emailu i s p??lohami a jeho kopie
> vyma?te ze sv?ho syst?mu.
> Nejste-li zam??len?m adres?tem tohoto emailu, nejste opr?vn?ni tento email
> jakkoliv u??vat, roz?i?ovat, kop?rovat ?i zve?ej?ovat.
> Odes?latel e-mailu neodpov?d? za eventu?ln? ?kodu zp?sobenou modifikacemi
> ?i zpo?d?n?m p?enosu e-mailu.
>
> V p??pad?, ?e je tento e-mail sou??st? obchodn?ho jedn?n?:
> - vyhrazuje si odes?latel pr?vo ukon?it kdykoliv jedn?n? o uzav?en?
> smlouvy, a to z jak?hokoliv d?vodu i bez uveden? d?vodu.
> - a obsahuje-li nab?dku, je adres?t opr?vn?n nab?dku bezodkladn? p?ijmout;
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