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Holger Hoefling

2015-Feb-18 14:22 UTC

[Rd] Different serialization of functions in interactive vs. batch mode

Hi Luke,

Ah - I see - thank you! This at least points me to a way on how to
"fix" this. I tried setting the srcref attribute to NULL, but the hash
value is still different and so is the serialization. So this looks
like it is one difference, but not all of them

Even if all differences were identified - it still leaves me with
different behavior between interactive and batch-mode, though. I am
curious as to why that is. Do you know why in interactive mode the
attribute with the srcref is set, but not in batch mode?

Thanks!

Holger

P.S. I attached the output I get when i set the attributes to NULL


On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:04 PM,  <luke-tierney at uiowa.edu>
wrote:> Add
>
> attributes(testfun)
>
> and you will see where the two functions differ.
>
> luke
>
>
> On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> I posted this question to the regular help list, but it seems to be
>> this is probably a question that is better addressed on r-devel. Sorry
>> for the double posting.
>>
>> I am using hash-values to cache certain results in R. This caching
>> also depends on the hash-value of the function that is being cached
>> (calculated using the digest package). I noticed that computations
>> that should already be cached are recomputed when switching from an
>> interactive session to a BATCH session. Therefore, I wrote a test
>> script
>>
>> library(digest)
>> testfun <- function() {
>>    return(NULL)
>> }
>> testval <- "testval"
>> print(digest(testfun))
>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>
>> and executed it once using input-redirection from a file (testFile.R)
>> and once copying the code into an interactive R session. The
>> hash-values of the functions differ. As digest internally relies on
>> serialize, I also checked there and found that digest is not the
>> reason for the discrepancy. Instead, the serialized value of the
>> function already differs between the BATCH and inteactive sessions.
>>
>> I was wondering if someone knows if
>> 1. Is this a feature or a bug? It feels like a bug to me as all the
>> inputs are identical, I would expect that the output is identical as
>> well. Is there something I am overlooking?
>> 2. Is there a way to get consistent hash-values for functions between
>> BATCH and interactive sessions.
>>
>> The output from the BATCH and interactive runs are below (as well as
>> sessionInfo)
>>
>> Thank you very much for your help!
>>
>> Holger Hoefling
>>
>> ---------------------------------
>> BATCH run (via input redirection):
>>
>> $ R --vanilla < testFile.R
>>
>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>
>> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution
details.
>>
>> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
>>
>> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line
help, or
>> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>>
>>> library(digest)
>>> testfun <- function() {
>>
>> +     return(NULL)
>> + }
>>>
>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>
>> [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"
>>>
>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>
>> [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00 00 fd
00
>> 00 00
>> [26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02
00
>> 00 00
>> [51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00
02
>> 00 00
>> [76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>>>
>>> sessionInfo()
>>
>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>
>> locale:
>> [1] C
>>
>> attached base packages:
>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base
>>
>> other attached packages:
>> [1] digest_0.6.4
>>>
>>>
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------
>> Interactive run:
>>
>> $ R --vanilla
>>
>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>
>> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution
details.
>>
>> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
>>
>> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line
help, or
>> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>>
>>> library(digest)
>>> testfun <- function() {
>>
>> +     return(NULL)
>> + }
>>>
>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>
>> [1] "fada482d2894088b079a8e56b7044862"
>>>
>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>
>>  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 06 03 00 00 04 02
00
>> 00 00
>> [26] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00
08
>> 00 00
>> [51] 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 01
00
>> 00 00
>> [76] 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 07 73
72
>> 63 66
>> [101] 69 6c 65 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02 00 00 00
01
>> 00 04
>> [126] 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00
09
>> 00 00
>> [151] 00 2b 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 28
29
>> 20 7b
>> [176] 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 0a 7d 0a 00 00
04
>> 02 00
>> [201] 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 00 00 00
10
>> 00 00
>> [226] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02
00
>> 00 00
>> [251] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 02
00
>> 04 00
>> [276] 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04 00 09 00 00
00
>> 07 73
>> [301] 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10
00
>> 00 00
>> [326] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00
fe
>> 00 00
>> [351] 00 fd 00 00 00 fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 ff 00 00 00 13
00
>> 00 00
>> [376] 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00
00
>> 00 17
>> [401] 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 04 02 00 00
02
>> ff 00
>> [426] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00
09
>> 00 00
>> [451] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00
00
>> 02 00
>> [476] 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10 00 00 00
02
>> 00 00
>> [501] 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff
00
>> 00 00
>> [526] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00
fe
>> 00 00
>> [551] 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09
00
>> 00 00
>> [576] 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00
00
>> 01 00
>> [601] 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
01
>> 00 00
>> [626] 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff
00
>> 00 00
>> [651] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00
fe
>> 00 00
>> [676] 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00
06
>> 00 00
>> [701] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02 00 00
00
>> fe 00
>> [726] 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>>>
>>> sessionInfo()
>>
>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>
>> locale:
>> [1] C
>>
>> attached base packages:
>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base
>>
>> other attached packages:
>> [1] digest_0.6.4
>>>
>>>
>>
>> ______________________________________________
>> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>>
>
> --
> Luke Tierney
> Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
> University of Iowa                  Phone:             319-335-3386
> Department of Statistics and        Fax:               319-335-3017
>    Actuarial Science
> 241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at uiowa.edu
> Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW:  http://www.stat.uiowa.edu-------------- next part --------------
library(digest)
testfun <- function() {
    return(NULL)
}
print(digest(testfun))
print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
print(attributes(testfun))
attributes(testfun)$srcref <- NULL
print(attributes(testfun))
print(digest(testfun))
print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
sessionInfo()



==============================================================================Interactive
mode:
$ R --vanilla

R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.

R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.

Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.
> library(digest)
> testfun <- function() {+     return(NULL)
+ }> print(digest(testfun))
[1] "fada482d2894088b079a8e56b7044862"> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 06 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00
 [26] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00
 [51] 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
 [76] 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 07 73 72 63 66
[101] 69 6c 65 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04
[126] 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00
[151] 00 2b 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 28 29 20 7b
[176] 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 0a 7d 0a 00 00 04 02 00
[201] 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 00 00 00 10 00 00
[226] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 00
[251] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 02 00 04 00
[276] 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 07 73
[301] 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00
[326] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00
[351] 00 fd 00 00 00 fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 ff 00 00 00 13 00 00 00
[376] 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17
[401] 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00
[426] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00
[451] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 02 00
[476] 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00
[501] 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00
[526] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00
[551] 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00
[576] 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00
[601] 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00
[626] 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00
[651] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00
[676] 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00
[701] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 fe 00
[726] 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe> print(attributes(testfun))$srcref
function() {
    return(NULL)
}
> attributes(testfun)$srcref <- NULL
> print(attributes(testfun))
NULL> print(digest(testfun))
[1] "87985c7cab8f65bc74dd8ac95d58ed32"> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00 00 fd 00 00 00
 [26] fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72
 [51] 65 66 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
 [76] 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01
[101] 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 07 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00
[126] 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00
[151] 0d 66 69 78 65 64 4e 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
[176] 01 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00
[201] 10 00 00 00 04 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 17 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66
[226] 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 28 29 20 7b 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 10 20 20 20 20 72 65
[251] 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7d 00 04 00 09 00 00
[276] 00 00 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d
[301] 65 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
[326] 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10
[351] 00 00 00 02 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04
[376] 00 09 00 00 00 07 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 07 ff
[401] 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00
[426] fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10
[451] 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00
[476] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 07 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00
[501] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00
[526] 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65
[551] 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01
[576] 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00
[601] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 07 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00
[626] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00
[651] 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72
[676] 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00
fe> sessionInfo()R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

locale:
[1] C

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] digest_0.6.4> 
==============================================================================Batch
mode:
$ R --vanilla < testFile.R 

R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.

R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.

Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.
> library(digest)
> testfun <- function() {+     return(NULL)
+ }> print(digest(testfun))
[1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL)) [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00 00 fd 00 00 00
[26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00
[51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02 00 00
[76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe> print(attributes(testfun))
NULL> attributes(testfun)$srcref <- NULL
> print(attributes(testfun))
NULL> print(digest(testfun))
[1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL)) [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00 00 fd 00 00 00
[26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00
[51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02 00 00
[76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe> sessionInfo()R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)

locale:
[1] C

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] digest_0.6.4>

Gabriel Becker

2015-Feb-18 14:36 UTC

head link

[Rd] Different serialization of functions in interactive vs. batch mode

Holger,

For me (see session info) using

digest(as.list(f))

gets around this problem.

~G
> sessionInfo()R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C
 [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base

other attached packages:
[1] digest_0.6.8




On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 6:22 AM, Holger Hoefling <hhoeflin at gmail.com>
wrote:
> Hi Luke,
>
> Ah - I see - thank you! This at least points me to a way on how to
> "fix" this. I tried setting the srcref attribute to NULL, but the
hash
> value is still different and so is the serialization. So this looks
> like it is one difference, but not all of them
>
> Even if all differences were identified - it still leaves me with
> different behavior between interactive and batch-mode, though. I am
> curious as to why that is. Do you know why in interactive mode the
> attribute with the srcref is set, but not in batch mode?
>
> Thanks!
>
> Holger
>
> P.S. I attached the output I get when i set the attributes to NULL
>
>
> On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:04 PM,  <luke-tierney at uiowa.edu> wrote:
> > Add
> >
> > attributes(testfun)
> >
> > and you will see where the two functions differ.
> >
> > luke
> >
> >
> > On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
> >
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> I posted this question to the regular help list, but it seems to
be
> >> this is probably a question that is better addressed on r-devel.
Sorry
> >> for the double posting.
> >>
> >> I am using hash-values to cache certain results in R. This caching
> >> also depends on the hash-value of the function that is being
cached
> >> (calculated using the digest package). I noticed that computations
> >> that should already be cached are recomputed when switching from
an
> >> interactive session to a BATCH session. Therefore, I wrote a test
> >> script
> >>
> >> library(digest)
> >> testfun <- function() {
> >>    return(NULL)
> >> }
> >> testval <- "testval"
> >> print(digest(testfun))
> >> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
> >>
> >> and executed it once using input-redirection from a file
(testFile.R)
> >> and once copying the code into an interactive R session. The
> >> hash-values of the functions differ. As digest internally relies
on
> >> serialize, I also checked there and found that digest is not the
> >> reason for the discrepancy. Instead, the serialized value of the
> >> function already differs between the BATCH and inteactive
sessions.
> >>
> >> I was wondering if someone knows if
> >> 1. Is this a feature or a bug? It feels like a bug to me as all
the
> >> inputs are identical, I would expect that the output is identical
as
> >> well. Is there something I am overlooking?
> >> 2. Is there a way to get consistent hash-values for functions
between
> >> BATCH and interactive sessions.
> >>
> >> The output from the BATCH and interactive runs are below (as well
as
> >> sessionInfo)
> >>
> >> Thank you very much for your help!
> >>
> >> Holger Hoefling
> >>
> >> ---------------------------------
> >> BATCH run (via input redirection):
> >>
> >> $ R --vanilla < testFile.R
> >>
> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
> >> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
> >>
> >> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
> >> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
> >> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution
details.
> >>
> >> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
> >> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
> >> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
> >>
> >> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line
help, or
> >> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
> >> Type 'q()' to quit R.
> >>
> >>> library(digest)
> >>> testfun <- function() {
> >>
> >> +     return(NULL)
> >> + }
> >>>
> >>> print(digest(testfun))
> >>
> >> [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"
> >>>
> >>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
> >>
> >> [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00 00
fd 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00
00 02
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00
00 00
> 02
> >> 00 00
> >> [76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
> >>>
> >>> sessionInfo()
> >>
> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
> >>
> >> locale:
> >> [1] C
> >>
> >> attached base packages:
> >> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
base
> >>
> >> other attached packages:
> >> [1] digest_0.6.4
> >>>
> >>>
> >>
> >> ----------------------------------------------
> >> Interactive run:
> >>
> >> $ R --vanilla
> >>
> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
> >> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
> >>
> >> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
> >> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
> >> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution
details.
> >>
> >> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
> >> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
> >> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
> >>
> >> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line
help, or
> >> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
> >> Type 'q()' to quit R.
> >>
> >>> library(digest)
> >>> testfun <- function() {
> >>
> >> +     return(NULL)
> >> + }
> >>>
> >>> print(digest(testfun))
> >>
> >> [1] "fada482d2894088b079a8e56b7044862"
> >>>
> >>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
> >>
> >>  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 06 03 00 00
04 02
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [26] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00
00 00
> 08
> >> 00 00
> >> [51] 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00
00 01
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [76] 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00
07 73
> 72
> >> 63 66
> >> [101] 69 6c 65 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02 00
00 00
> 01
> >> 00 04
> >> [126] 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00
04 00
> 09
> >> 00 00
> >> [151] 00 2b 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f
6e 28
> 29
> >> 20 7b
> >> [176] 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 0a 7d 0a
00 00
> 04
> >> 02 00
> >> [201] 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 00
00 00
> 10
> >> 00 00
> >> [226] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00
04 02
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [251] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10 00 00
00 02
> 00
> >> 04 00
> >> [276] 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04 00 09
00 00
> 00
> >> 07 73
> >> [301] 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00
00 10
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [326] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00
00 00
> fe
> >> 00 00
> >> [351] 00 fd 00 00 00 fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 ff 00 00
00 13
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [376] 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 00
01 00
> 00
> >> 00 17
> >> [401] 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 04 02
00 00
> 02
> >> ff 00
> >> [426] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00
04 00
> 09
> >> 00 00
> >> [451] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08
00 00
> 00
> >> 02 00
> >> [476] 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10 00
00 00
> 02
> >> 00 00
> >> [501] 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00
06 ff
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [526] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00
00 00
> fe
> >> 00 00
> >> [551] 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04
00 09
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [576] 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08
00 00
> 00
> >> 01 00
> >> [601] 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00
00 00
> 01
> >> 00 00
> >> [626] 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00
06 ff
> 00
> >> 00 00
> >> [651] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00
00 00
> fe
> >> 00 00
> >> [676] 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00
00 00
> 06
> >> 00 00
> >> [701] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02
00 00
> 00
> >> fe 00
> >> [726] 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
> >>>
> >>> sessionInfo()
> >>
> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
> >>
> >> locale:
> >> [1] C
> >>
> >> attached base packages:
> >> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
base
> >>
> >> other attached packages:
> >> [1] digest_0.6.4
> >>>
> >>>
> >>
> >> ______________________________________________
> >> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
> >>
> >
> > --
> > Luke Tierney
> > Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
> > University of Iowa                  Phone:             319-335-3386
> > Department of Statistics and        Fax:               319-335-3017
> >    Actuarial Science
> > 241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at uiowa.edu
> > Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW:  http://www.stat.uiowa.edu
>
> ______________________________________________
> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>
>

-- 
Gabriel Becker, PhD
Computational Biologist
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Genentech, Inc.

	[[alternative HTML version deleted]]

Holger Hoefling

2015-Feb-18 14:43 UTC

head link

[Rd] Different serialization of functions in interactive vs. batch mode

Hi Gabriel,

thanks for your reply - it does solve the problem of my toy function,
but does come with some other problems though.
a) as.list(f)[[1]] yields an expression, not a function. In order to
go the route you are suggesting, I would more likely use "deparse" in
order to get the original back

b) and more seriously - as.list strips the environment of the function
(and thus associated information) as well as information about parent
environments. For the execution of a function, this would however be
crucial. This is also why a pure "deparse" alone in my opinion would
not work.

Thanks

Holger


On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:36 PM, Gabriel Becker <gmbecker at ucdavis.edu>
wrote:> Holger,
>
> For me (see session info) using
>
> digest(as.list(f))
>
> gets around this problem.
>
> ~G
>
>> sessionInfo()
> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
> Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>
> locale:
>  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C
>  [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
>  [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
>  [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C
>  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C
> [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
>
> attached base packages:
> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base
>
> other attached packages:
> [1] digest_0.6.8
>
>
>
>
> On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 6:22 AM, Holger Hoefling <hhoeflin at
gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Hi Luke,
>>
>> Ah - I see - thank you! This at least points me to a way on how to
>> "fix" this. I tried setting the srcref attribute to NULL, but
the hash
>> value is still different and so is the serialization. So this looks
>> like it is one difference, but not all of them
>>
>> Even if all differences were identified - it still leaves me with
>> different behavior between interactive and batch-mode, though. I am
>> curious as to why that is. Do you know why in interactive mode the
>> attribute with the srcref is set, but not in batch mode?
>>
>> Thanks!
>>
>> Holger
>>
>> P.S. I attached the output I get when i set the attributes to NULL
>>
>>
>> On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:04 PM,  <luke-tierney at uiowa.edu>
wrote:
>> > Add
>> >
>> > attributes(testfun)
>> >
>> > and you will see where the two functions differ.
>> >
>> > luke
>> >
>> >
>> > On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
>> >
>> >> Hi,
>> >>
>> >> I posted this question to the regular help list, but it seems
to be
>> >> this is probably a question that is better addressed on
r-devel. Sorry
>> >> for the double posting.
>> >>
>> >> I am using hash-values to cache certain results in R. This
caching
>> >> also depends on the hash-value of the function that is being
cached
>> >> (calculated using the digest package). I noticed that
computations
>> >> that should already be cached are recomputed when switching
from an
>> >> interactive session to a BATCH session. Therefore, I wrote a
test
>> >> script
>> >>
>> >> library(digest)
>> >> testfun <- function() {
>> >>    return(NULL)
>> >> }
>> >> testval <- "testval"
>> >> print(digest(testfun))
>> >> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>> >>
>> >> and executed it once using input-redirection from a file
(testFile.R)
>> >> and once copying the code into an interactive R session. The
>> >> hash-values of the functions differ. As digest internally
relies on
>> >> serialize, I also checked there and found that digest is not
the
>> >> reason for the discrepancy. Instead, the serialized value of
the
>> >> function already differs between the BATCH and inteactive
sessions.
>> >>
>> >> I was wondering if someone knows if
>> >> 1. Is this a feature or a bug? It feels like a bug to me as
all the
>> >> inputs are identical, I would expect that the output is
identical as
>> >> well. Is there something I am overlooking?
>> >> 2. Is there a way to get consistent hash-values for functions
between
>> >> BATCH and interactive sessions.
>> >>
>> >> The output from the BATCH and interactive runs are below (as
well as
>> >> sessionInfo)
>> >>
>> >> Thank you very much for your help!
>> >>
>> >> Holger Hoefling
>> >>
>> >> ---------------------------------
>> >> BATCH run (via input redirection):
>> >>
>> >> $ R --vanilla < testFile.R
>> >>
>> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>> >> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>> >>
>> >> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>> >> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>> >> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for
distribution details.
>> >>
>> >> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>> >> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>> >> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
>> >>
>> >> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for
on-line help, or
>> >> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>> >> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>> >>
>> >>> library(digest)
>> >>> testfun <- function() {
>> >>
>> >> +     return(NULL)
>> >> + }
>> >>>
>> >>> print(digest(testfun))
>> >>
>> >> [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"
>> >>>
>> >>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>> >>
>> >> [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00
00 00 fd
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00
00 00 02
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e
00 00 00
>> >> 02
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>> >>>
>> >>> sessionInfo()
>> >>
>> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>> >>
>> >> locale:
>> >> [1] C
>> >>
>> >> attached base packages:
>> >> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods 
base
>> >>
>> >> other attached packages:
>> >> [1] digest_0.6.4
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>
>> >> ----------------------------------------------
>> >> Interactive run:
>> >>
>> >> $ R --vanilla
>> >>
>> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>> >> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>> >>
>> >> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>> >> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>> >> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for
distribution details.
>> >>
>> >> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>> >> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>> >> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
>> >>
>> >> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for
on-line help, or
>> >> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>> >> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>> >>
>> >>> library(digest)
>> >>> testfun <- function() {
>> >>
>> >> +     return(NULL)
>> >> + }
>> >>>
>> >>> print(digest(testfun))
>> >>
>> >> [1] "fada482d2894088b079a8e56b7044862"
>> >>>
>> >>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>> >>
>> >>  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 06 03 00
00 04 02
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [26] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d
00 00 00
>> >> 08
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [51] 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00
00 00 01
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [76] 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00
00 07 73
>> >> 72
>> >> 63 66
>> >> [101] 69 6c 65 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02
00 00 00
>> >> 01
>> >> 00 04
>> >> [126] 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01
00 04 00
>> >> 09
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [151] 00 2b 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69
6f 6e 28
>> >> 29
>> >> 20 7b
>> >> [176] 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 0a 7d
0a 00 00
>> >> 04
>> >> 02 00
>> >> [201] 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65
00 00 00
>> >> 10
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [226] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00
00 04 02
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [251] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10 00
00 00 02
>> >> 00
>> >> 04 00
>> >> [276] 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04 00
09 00 00
>> >> 00
>> >> 07 73
>> >> [301] 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00
00 00 10
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [326] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe
00 00 00
>> >> fe
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [351] 00 fd 00 00 00 fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 ff 00
00 00 13
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [376] 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00
00 01 00
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 17
>> >> [401] 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 04
02 00 00
>> >> 02
>> >> ff 00
>> >> [426] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01
00 04 00
>> >> 09
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [451] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00
08 00 00
>> >> 00
>> >> 02 00
>> >> [476] 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10
00 00 00
>> >> 02
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [501] 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00
00 06 ff
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [526] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66
00 00 00
>> >> fe
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [551] 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00
04 00 09
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [576] 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00
08 00 00
>> >> 00
>> >> 01 00
>> >> [601] 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
00 00 00
>> >> 01
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [626] 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00
00 06 ff
>> >> 00
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [651] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66
00 00 00
>> >> fe
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [676] 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02
00 00 00
>> >> 06
>> >> 00 00
>> >> [701] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00
02 00 00
>> >> 00
>> >> fe 00
>> >> [726] 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>> >>>
>> >>> sessionInfo()
>> >>
>> >> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>> >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>> >>
>> >> locale:
>> >> [1] C
>> >>
>> >> attached base packages:
>> >> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods 
base
>> >>
>> >> other attached packages:
>> >> [1] digest_0.6.4
>> >>>
>> >>>
>> >>
>> >> ______________________________________________
>> >> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
>> >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>> >>
>> >
>> > --
>> > Luke Tierney
>> > Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
>> > University of Iowa                  Phone:            
319-335-3386
>> > Department of Statistics and        Fax:              
319-335-3017
>> >    Actuarial Science
>> > 241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at
uiowa.edu
>> > Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW: 
http://www.stat.uiowa.edu
>>
>> ______________________________________________
>> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Gabriel Becker, PhD
> Computational Biologist
> Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
> Genentech, Inc.

luke-tierney at uiowa.edu

2015-Feb-18 14:56 UTC

head link

[Rd] Different serialization of functions in interactive vs. batch mode

On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
> Hi Luke,
>
> Ah - I see - thank you! This at least points me to a way on how to
> "fix" this. I tried setting the srcref attribute to NULL, but the
hash
> value is still different and so is the serialization. So this looks
> like it is one difference, but not all of them
when source attributes are attached they are attached to calls within
the body as well, so

     > attributes(body(testfun))
     $srcref
     $srcref[[1]]
     ...
> Even if all differences were identified - it still leaves me with
> different behavior between interactive and batch-mode, though. I am
> curious as to why that is. Do you know why in interactive mode the
> attribute with the srcref is set, but not in batch mode?
I can't speak to why the default for the keep.source option is
different in the two cases, but you can set it to be the same: in
interactive mode

     > options(keep.source = FALSE)
     > testfun <- function() {return(NULL)}
     > digest(testfun)
     [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"

Or use options(keep.source = TRUE) in the other case.

Best,

luke
>
> Thanks!
>
> Holger
>
> P.S. I attached the output I get when i set the attributes to NULL
>
>
> On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:04 PM,  <luke-tierney at uiowa.edu> wrote:
>> Add
>>
>> attributes(testfun)
>>
>> and you will see where the two functions differ.
>>
>> luke
>>
>>
>> On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
>>
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> I posted this question to the regular help list, but it seems to be
>>> this is probably a question that is better addressed on r-devel.
Sorry
>>> for the double posting.
>>>
>>> I am using hash-values to cache certain results in R. This caching
>>> also depends on the hash-value of the function that is being cached
>>> (calculated using the digest package). I noticed that computations
>>> that should already be cached are recomputed when switching from an
>>> interactive session to a BATCH session. Therefore, I wrote a test
>>> script
>>>
>>> library(digest)
>>> testfun <- function() {
>>>    return(NULL)
>>> }
>>> testval <- "testval"
>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>>
>>> and executed it once using input-redirection from a file
(testFile.R)
>>> and once copying the code into an interactive R session. The
>>> hash-values of the functions differ. As digest internally relies on
>>> serialize, I also checked there and found that digest is not the
>>> reason for the discrepancy. Instead, the serialized value of the
>>> function already differs between the BATCH and inteactive sessions.
>>>
>>> I was wondering if someone knows if
>>> 1. Is this a feature or a bug? It feels like a bug to me as all the
>>> inputs are identical, I would expect that the output is identical
as
>>> well. Is there something I am overlooking?
>>> 2. Is there a way to get consistent hash-values for functions
between
>>> BATCH and interactive sessions.
>>>
>>> The output from the BATCH and interactive runs are below (as well
as
>>> sessionInfo)
>>>
>>> Thank you very much for your help!
>>>
>>> Holger Hoefling
>>>
>>> ---------------------------------
>>> BATCH run (via input redirection):
>>>
>>> $ R --vanilla < testFile.R
>>>
>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>>> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>
>>> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>>> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>>> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution
details.
>>>
>>> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>>> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>>> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
>>>
>>> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line
help, or
>>> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>>> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>>>
>>>> library(digest)
>>>> testfun <- function() {
>>>
>>> +     return(NULL)
>>> + }
>>>>
>>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>>
>>> [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"
>>>>
>>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>>
>>> [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00 00
fd 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00
02 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00
00 02
>>> 00 00
>>> [76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>>>>
>>>> sessionInfo()
>>>
>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>
>>> locale:
>>> [1] C
>>>
>>> attached base packages:
>>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
base
>>>
>>> other attached packages:
>>> [1] digest_0.6.4
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------
>>> Interactive run:
>>>
>>> $ R --vanilla
>>>
>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>>> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>
>>> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>>> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>>> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution
details.
>>>
>>> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>>> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>>> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
>>>
>>> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line
help, or
>>> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>>> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>>>
>>>> library(digest)
>>>> testfun <- function() {
>>>
>>> +     return(NULL)
>>> + }
>>>>
>>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>>
>>> [1] "fada482d2894088b079a8e56b7044862"
>>>>
>>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>>
>>>  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 06 03 00 00 04
02 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [26] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00
00 08
>>> 00 00
>>> [51] 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00
01 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [76] 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 07
73 72
>>> 63 66
>>> [101] 69 6c 65 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02 00
00 00 01
>>> 00 04
>>> [126] 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00
04 00 09
>>> 00 00
>>> [151] 00 2b 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f
6e 28 29
>>> 20 7b
>>> [176] 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 0a 7d 0a
00 00 04
>>> 02 00
>>> [201] 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 00
00 00 10
>>> 00 00
>>> [226] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00
04 02 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [251] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10 00 00
00 02 00
>>> 04 00
>>> [276] 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04 00 09
00 00 00
>>> 07 73
>>> [301] 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00
00 10 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [326] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00
00 00 fe
>>> 00 00
>>> [351] 00 fd 00 00 00 fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 ff 00 00
00 13 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [376] 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 00
01 00 00
>>> 00 17
>>> [401] 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 04 02
00 00 02
>>> ff 00
>>> [426] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01 00
04 00 09
>>> 00 00
>>> [451] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08
00 00 00
>>> 02 00
>>> [476] 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10 00
00 00 02
>>> 00 00
>>> [501] 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00
06 ff 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [526] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00
00 00 fe
>>> 00 00
>>> [551] 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04
00 09 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [576] 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08
00 00 00
>>> 01 00
>>> [601] 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00
00 00 01
>>> 00 00
>>> [626] 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00
06 ff 00
>>> 00 00
>>> [651] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00
00 00 fe
>>> 00 00
>>> [676] 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02 00
00 00 06
>>> 00 00
>>> [701] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00 02
00 00 00
>>> fe 00
>>> [726] 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>>>>
>>>> sessionInfo()
>>>
>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>
>>> locale:
>>> [1] C
>>>
>>> attached base packages:
>>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
base
>>>
>>> other attached packages:
>>> [1] digest_0.6.4
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> ______________________________________________
>>> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>>>
>>
>> --
>> Luke Tierney
>> Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
>> University of Iowa                  Phone:             319-335-3386
>> Department of Statistics and        Fax:               319-335-3017
>>    Actuarial Science
>> 241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at uiowa.edu
>> Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW:  http://www.stat.uiowa.edu
>
-- 
Luke Tierney
Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
University of Iowa                  Phone:             319-335-3386
Department of Statistics and        Fax:               319-335-3017
    Actuarial Science
241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at uiowa.edu
Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW:  http://www.stat.uiowa.edu

Holger Hoefling

2015-Feb-18 15:02 UTC

head link

[Rd] Different serialization of functions in interactive vs. batch mode

Luke, thank you so much - that solves my problem!

Holger

On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:56 PM,  <luke-tierney at uiowa.edu>
wrote:> On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
>
>> Hi Luke,
>>
>> Ah - I see - thank you! This at least points me to a way on how to
>> "fix" this. I tried setting the srcref attribute to NULL, but
the hash
>> value is still different and so is the serialization. So this looks
>> like it is one difference, but not all of them
>
>
> when source attributes are attached they are attached to calls within
> the body as well, so
>
>     > attributes(body(testfun))
>     $srcref
>     $srcref[[1]]
>     ...
>
>> Even if all differences were identified - it still leaves me with
>> different behavior between interactive and batch-mode, though. I am
>> curious as to why that is. Do you know why in interactive mode the
>> attribute with the srcref is set, but not in batch mode?
>
>
> I can't speak to why the default for the keep.source option is
> different in the two cases, but you can set it to be the same: in
> interactive mode
>
>     > options(keep.source = FALSE)
>     > testfun <- function() {return(NULL)}
>     > digest(testfun)
>     [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"
>
> Or use options(keep.source = TRUE) in the other case.
>
> Best,
>
> luke
>
>
>>
>> Thanks!
>>
>> Holger
>>
>> P.S. I attached the output I get when i set the attributes to NULL
>>
>>
>> On Wed, Feb 18, 2015 at 3:04 PM,  <luke-tierney at uiowa.edu>
wrote:
>>>
>>> Add
>>>
>>> attributes(testfun)
>>>
>>> and you will see where the two functions differ.
>>>
>>> luke
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, 18 Feb 2015, Holger Hoefling wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi,
>>>>
>>>> I posted this question to the regular help list, but it seems
to be
>>>> this is probably a question that is better addressed on
r-devel. Sorry
>>>> for the double posting.
>>>>
>>>> I am using hash-values to cache certain results in R. This
caching
>>>> also depends on the hash-value of the function that is being
cached
>>>> (calculated using the digest package). I noticed that
computations
>>>> that should already be cached are recomputed when switching
from an
>>>> interactive session to a BATCH session. Therefore, I wrote a
test
>>>> script
>>>>
>>>> library(digest)
>>>> testfun <- function() {
>>>>    return(NULL)
>>>> }
>>>> testval <- "testval"
>>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>>>
>>>> and executed it once using input-redirection from a file
(testFile.R)
>>>> and once copying the code into an interactive R session. The
>>>> hash-values of the functions differ. As digest internally
relies on
>>>> serialize, I also checked there and found that digest is not
the
>>>> reason for the discrepancy. Instead, the serialized value of
the
>>>> function already differs between the BATCH and inteactive
sessions.
>>>>
>>>> I was wondering if someone knows if
>>>> 1. Is this a feature or a bug? It feels like a bug to me as all
the
>>>> inputs are identical, I would expect that the output is
identical as
>>>> well. Is there something I am overlooking?
>>>> 2. Is there a way to get consistent hash-values for functions
between
>>>> BATCH and interactive sessions.
>>>>
>>>> The output from the BATCH and interactive runs are below (as
well as
>>>> sessionInfo)
>>>>
>>>> Thank you very much for your help!
>>>>
>>>> Holger Hoefling
>>>>
>>>> ---------------------------------
>>>> BATCH run (via input redirection):
>>>>
>>>> $ R --vanilla < testFile.R
>>>>
>>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>>>> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>>
>>>> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>>>> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>>>> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for
distribution details.
>>>>
>>>> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>>>> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>>>> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
>>>>
>>>> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for
on-line help, or
>>>> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>>>> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>>>>
>>>>> library(digest)
>>>>> testfun <- function() {
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> +     return(NULL)
>>>> + }
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> [1] "b03160b9250f0d5b5bcce42bd86d8e56"
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 04 03 00 00
00 fd 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [26] fe 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00
00 00 02
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [51] 06 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e
00 00 00
>>>> 02
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [76] 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> sessionInfo()
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>>
>>>> locale:
>>>> [1] C
>>>>
>>>> attached base packages:
>>>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
base
>>>>
>>>> other attached packages:
>>>> [1] digest_0.6.4
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ----------------------------------------------
>>>> Interactive run:
>>>>
>>>> $ R --vanilla
>>>>
>>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) -- "Spring Dance"
>>>> Copyright (C) 2014 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
>>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>>
>>>> R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
>>>> You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
>>>> Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for
distribution details.
>>>>
>>>> R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
>>>> Type 'contributors()' for more information and
>>>> 'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in
publications.
>>>>
>>>> Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for
on-line help, or
>>>> 'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
>>>> Type 'q()' to quit R.
>>>>
>>>>> library(digest)
>>>>> testfun <- function() {
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> +     return(NULL)
>>>> + }
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> print(digest(testfun))
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> [1] "fada482d2894088b079a8e56b7044862"
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> print(serialize(testfun, connection = NULL))
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>  [1] 58 0a 00 00 00 02 00 03 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 00 06 03 00
00 04 02
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [26] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d
00 00 00
>>>> 08
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [51] 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 0c 00
00 00 01
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [76] 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00
00 07 73
>>>> 72
>>>> 63 66
>>>> [101] 69 6c 65 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f2 00 00 04 02
00 00 00
>>>> 01
>>>> 00 04
>>>> [126] 00 09 00 00 00 05 6c 69 6e 65 73 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01
00 04 00
>>>> 09
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [151] 00 2b 74 65 73 74 66 75 6e 20 3c 2d 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69
6f 6e 28
>>>> 29
>>>> 20 7b
>>>> [176] 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 28 4e 55 4c 4c 29 0a 7d
0a 00 00
>>>> 04
>>>> 02 00
>>>> [201] 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 08 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65
00 00 00
>>>> 10
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [226] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe 00
00 04 02
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [251] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 05 63 6c 61 73 73 00 00 00 10 00
00 00 02
>>>> 00
>>>> 04 00
>>>> [276] 09 00 00 00 0b 73 72 63 66 69 6c 65 63 6f 70 79 00 04 00
09 00 00
>>>> 00
>>>> 07 73
>>>> [301] 72 63 66 69 6c 65 00 00 00 fe 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00
00 00 10
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [326] 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe
00 00 00
>>>> fe
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [351] 00 fd 00 00 00 fe 00 00 02 06 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 ff 00
00 00 13
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [376] 02 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00
00 01 00
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 17
>>>> [401] 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 04
02 00 00
>>>> 02
>>>> ff 00
>>>> [426] 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 ff 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 01
00 04 00
>>>> 09
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [451] 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 00 fe 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00
08 00 00
>>>> 00
>>>> 02 00
>>>> [476] 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 10
00 00 00
>>>> 02
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [501] 00 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00
00 06 ff
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [526] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66
00 00 00
>>>> fe
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [551] 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00 00 00 01 00
04 00 09
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [576] 0b 77 68 6f 6c 65 53 72 63 72 65 66 00 00 03 0d 00 00 00
08 00 00
>>>> 00
>>>> 01 00
>>>> [601] 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
00 00 00
>>>> 01
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [626] 00 03 00 00 04 02 00 00 02 ff 00 00 03 ff 00 00 04 02 00
00 06 ff
>>>> 00
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [651] 10 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 73 72 63 72 65 66
00 00 00
>>>> fe
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [676] 00 fe 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 01 7b 00 00 00 02
00 00 00
>>>> 06
>>>> 00 00
>>>> [701] 00 01 00 04 00 09 00 00 00 06 72 65 74 75 72 6e 00 00 00
02 00 00
>>>> 00
>>>> fe 00
>>>> [726] 00 00 fe 00 00 00 fe
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> sessionInfo()
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
>>>> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
>>>>
>>>> locale:
>>>> [1] C
>>>>
>>>> attached base packages:
>>>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
base
>>>>
>>>> other attached packages:
>>>> [1] digest_0.6.4
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ______________________________________________
>>>> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
>>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Luke Tierney
>>> Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
>>> University of Iowa                  Phone:             319-335-3386
>>> Department of Statistics and        Fax:               319-335-3017
>>>    Actuarial Science
>>> 241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at
uiowa.edu
>>> Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW:  http://www.stat.uiowa.edu
>>
>>
>
> --
> Luke Tierney
> Ralph E. Wareham Professor of Mathematical Sciences
> University of Iowa                  Phone:             319-335-3386
> Department of Statistics and        Fax:               319-335-3017
>    Actuarial Science
> 241 Schaeffer Hall                  email:   luke-tierney at uiowa.edu
> Iowa City, IA 52242                 WWW:  http://www.stat.uiowa.edu

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