Hi, > as.integer(10000000000) # 10 billions [1] NA Warning message: NAs introduced by coercion > as.integer(-10000000000) # minus 10 billions [1] NA Warning message: NAs introduced by coercion > as.integer("10000000000") # 10 billions as a string [1] 2147483647 Warning message: inaccurate integer conversion in coercion > as.integer("-10000000000") # minus 10 billions as a string [1] NA Warning message: inaccurate integer conversion in coercion Why is the "10 billions as a string" case treated differently? (coerced to INT_MAX-1) And for the "minus 10 billions as a string" case, is the warning message really appropriate? Why isn't it just the usual "NAs introduced by coercion"? Thanks, H.