James Morris
2001-Oct-09 08:20 UTC
[netfilter-announce] Bug in Linux 2.4 / iptables MAC match module (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2001 10:50:58 +0100 (BST)
From: Chris Wilson <chris@netservers.co.uk>
To: bugtraq@securityfocus.com
Subject: Bug in Linux 2.4 / iptables MAC match module
__ _ _ ___
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--[ | \ \ /o_| _\_ \/o_| _| | |/o_| _|_ \ ]--
--[ |_|\__\__|__|__/\__|_| \_/ \__|_|___/ ]--
--[ netservers security advisory 01-09-26 ]--
SUBJECT : Bug in Linux 2.4 / iptables MAC match module
SUMMARY : MAC match module does not match small packets
EFFECTS : Malicious users may bypass MAC-based DROP rules
pcAnywhere does not function correctly if allowed by MAC address
SOLUTION : Apply the attached patch from Harald Welte, Netfilter core
developer, or wait for the next release of the Linux kernel.
CREDITS : Harald Welte, Erick C. Jones, Netfilter team and users
SUMMARY
-------
The Linux 2.4 kernel includes a new and very powerful firewalling, NAT and
packet mangling architecture called Netfilter. The main component of
Netfilter is iptables, a generic structure for allowing firewall rules to
perform NAT, mangle packets, and access custom extensions for packet
matching and mangling.
One of the extensions supplied by default is the MAC module, which matches
packets travelling through the firewall on the basis of their MAC
(ethernet hardware) address. This module offers administrators some
protection against malicious internal (or directly connected) users who
spoof or change their IP address.
The MAC module does not correctly match very small packets. For example,
small ping packets can be generated by the Unix command 'ping somehost -s
4',
or similarly under Windows with 'ping somehost -l 4'. Netcat with the -u
option can generate small UDP packets which exhibit the same problem.
REPRODUCTION
------------
To reproduce the problem, you will need 2 machines:
- Victim, which runs iptables.
- Attacker, which can generate small ICMP or UDP packets.
We have used the DNS names 'Victim' and 'Attacker' to represent
the IP
addresses of these machines, and AT:TA:CK:ER:00:00 as the MAC address of
the attacker. Please substitute real values if attempting to reproduce
this problem.
On Victim, at a root prompt:
victim# iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
victim# iptables -F INPUT
victim# iptables -I INPUT -p icmp -m mac --mac-source AT:TA:CK:ER:00:00
-j DROP
victim# iptables -L INPUT -v
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT xxxx packets, xxxxxxx bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source
destination
0 0 DROP icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere
MAC AT:TA:CK:ER:00:00
[note that the packet and byte counters are zero]
On Attacker (assuming Attacker runs Linux or similar)
attacker# ping -s 8 -c 1 Victim
PING Victim (xx.xx.xx.xx) from xx.xx.xx.xx : 8(36) bytes of data.
--- xx.xx.xx.xx ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
[the ping packets were dropped, correctly]
On Victim again:
victim# iptables -L INPUT -v
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 231 packets, 39475 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source
destination
1 36 DROP icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere
MAC 00:03:47:87:BA:C5
[note that the packet and byte counters have increased, the packet
counter is showing 1 packet which is correct]
Now back to Attacker:
attacker# ping -s 4 -c 1 Victim
PING Victim (xx.xx.xx.xx) from xx.xx.xx.xx : 4(32) bytes of data.
12 bytes from xx.xx.xx.xx: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255
--- xx.xx.xx.xx ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
[note that this time, the ping packet was replied to, not dropped by the
rule]
And finally, back to Victim:
victim# iptables -L INPUT -v
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 231 packets, 39475 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source
destination
1 32 DROP icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere
MAC AT:TA:CK:ER:00:00
[note that the packet counters have not increased, the packet did not
match the drop rule]
IMPLICATIONS
------------>From a security point of view:
- Malicious internal users may evade restrictions placed on their MAC
address in some cases. For example, they might ping internal or external
hosts to determine whether they are running, even though firewall rules
disallow this.
- They may also use small ICMP or UDP packets to leak information through
the firewall, if no other rule prevents them from doing so.
- Several applications use small ICMP or UDP packets, for example ping,
netcat, and Symantec pcAnywhere. Administrators will not be able to
restrict the use of these programs to certain known MAC addresses,
because of this bug. This may result in lower overall security
(especially as we know no complete workaround as yet).
SOLUTION
--------
Harald Welte, Netfilter core developer, has released a patch which we have
verified to have fixed the problem in our case. The patch is very small
and can be applied by hand (the patch may be wrapped by your mail client,
so I have attached it as well).
--- linux-2.4.9/net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_mac.c Tue Oct 2 18:50:56 2001
+++ linux-2.4.9-ipt_mac-fix/net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_mac.c Tue Oct 2
19:32:20 2001
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
/* Is mac pointer valid? */
return (skb->mac.raw >= skb->head
- && skb->mac.raw < skb->head + skb->len -
ETH_HLEN
+ && (skb->mac.raw + ETH_HLEN) <= skb->data
/* If so, compare... */
&& ((memcmp(skb->mac.ethernet->h_source,
info->srcaddr, ETH_ALEN)
== 0) ^ info->invert));
Harald Welte writes:
> the patch has been submitted to David Miller just one minute ago.
WORKAROUND
----------
The simplest, but least secure, workaround is to avoid matching by MAC
address, but only match on IP address. This is common practice, but less
secure than matching by MAC address.
Another workaround is to use the latest version of iptables (1.2.3) from
http://netfilter.samba.org. This includes a modules called "length"
which
can be used to match small packets. Some administrators might like to
allow ICMP and/or UDP packets below a certain size with a command like
this (UNTESTED):
iptables -I INPUT -p icmp -m length --length 0:4 -j ACCEPT
Note that using such a command will reduce the security of your
iptables-protected hosts.
In any case, a new version of iptables should be available soon which
fixes this bug.
CREDITS
-------
Although we discovered this bug independently, James Morris of Netfilter
was quick to point out that we were not the first. It appears that the bug
was reported to Netfilter by Erick C Jones on 01/08/29. However, neither
netfilter nor the Linux kernel was patched at this point.
- http://lists.samba.org/pipermail/netfilter-devel/2001-August/002050.html
- http://lists.samba.org/pipermail/netfilter-devel/2001-September/002278.html
- http://lists.samba.org/pipermail/netfilter-devel/2001-September/002283.html
We would like to thank:
- The Netfilter team, both core and non-core, and Netfilter users for
developing and testing this excellent packet filter system;
- Harald Welte from Netfilter for his quick development of a patch and his
generally friendly nature;
- My boss, John McEleney, for discovering the bug.
POLITICS
--------
This advisory is RFpolicy compliant
(http://www.wiretrip.net/rfp/policy.html). The bug was acknowledged by the
Netfilter team within 5 days and quickly fixed. Thanks guys! Yet again
open source beats closed source for rapid response.
COPYRIGHT
---------
This advisory is copyright (C) 2001 Netservers.co.uk. Redistribution is
permitted provided the contents and text of the advisory are not modified
in any way.
This advisory has been modified and updated since its original
distribution to the netfilter users list on 01/09/25.
Ciao, Chris.
--
___ __ _
/ __// / ,__(_)_ | Chris Wilson -- UNIX Firewall Lead Developer |
/ (_ / ,\/ _/ /_ \ | NetServers.co.uk http://www.netservers.co.uk |
\ _//_/_/_//_/___/ | 21 Signet Court, Cambridge, UK. 01223 576516 |
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