llvm dev - Mar 2017 - [BUG Report] -dead_strip, strips prefix data unconditionally on macOS

I suspect that the format isn't important if you do that, but I wouldn't
recommend it, at least because inlining (and other inter-procedural
optimizations) are not expected to work correctly if you produce IR like
that.

Peter

On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Moritz Angermann <moritz.angermann at
gmail.com
> wrote:
> Peter,
>
> thanks again! Yes, we only need to refer to main, but we must ensure that
> the prefix data is not stripped.
>
> I’ll have a look at the AsmPrinter.
>
> Another idea that came to mind is abusing the prologue data. And simply
> injecting the prefix data into the prologue data. Then adding the *real*
> entry_point as an alt_entry after the prologue data.
>
> Right now we have.
>
> .- - - - -. <- main.dsp
> | Prefix  |
> |- - - - -| <- main
> | Body    |
> '- - - - -'
>
> with Prologue, I believe:
>
> .- - - - - -. <- main
> | Prologue  |
> |- - - - - -| <- alt_entry main_alt
> | Body      |
> '- - - - - -'
>
> This could probably work today. However prologue data says it needs a
> special
> format.  Do you happen to know, if that format is important as well, if we
> would never ever go through main, but only through main_alt?
>
> Cheers,
>  Moritz
>
> > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:33 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> >
> > Firstly, do you need "main.dsp" defined as an external
symbol, or can
> all external references go via "main"? If the answer is the
latter, that
> will make the solution simpler.
> >
> > If only the latter, you will need to make a change to LLVM here:
> http://llvm-cs.pcc.me.uk/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp#650
> >
> > Basically you would need to add a hook to the TargetLoweringObjectFile
> class that allows the object format to control how prefix data is emitted.
> For Mach-O you would emit a label for a dummy internal symbol, followed by
> the prefix data and then an alt_entry directive for the function symbol.
> All other object formats would just emit the prefix data.
> >
> > Peter
> >
> > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 6:16 PM, Moritz Angermann <
> moritz.angermann at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Thank you Peter!
> >
> > That seems to do the trick!
> >
> > $ cat test.s
> >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> >   .globl _main
> >
> >   .long 1
> > _main:
> >   inc %eax
> >   ret
> >
> >   .alt_entry _main
> > _main.dsp = _main-4
> >
> >   .subsections_via_symbols
> >
> >
> > $ clang test.s -dead_strip
> > $ otool -vVtdj a.out
> > a.out:
> > _main.dsp:
> > 0000000100000fb1        01 00   addl    %eax, (%rax)
> > 0000000100000fb3        00 00   addb    %al, (%rax)
> > _main:
> > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> >
> >
> >
> > However, now I need to figure out how to generate this from
> > llvm via an alias.
> >
> > @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p =
%d\0A\00", align 1
> >
> > %struct.prefix = type { i32 }
> > @main.dsp = alias i32, i32* getelementptr (%struct.prefix,
> %struct.prefix* bitcast (i32 ()* @main to %struct.prefix*), i32 -1, i32 0)
> >
> > declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
> >
> > define i32 @main() prefix %struct.prefix { i32 123 } {
> >   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
> >   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32 -1
> >   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
> >   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([8 x
> i8], [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
> >   ret i32 0
> > }
> >
> >
> > generates the following for me:
> >
> >         .section        __TEXT,__text,regular,pure_instructions
> >         .macosx_version_min 10, 12
> >         .globl  _main
> >         .p2align        4, 0x90
> >         .long   123                     ## @main
> >                                         ## 0x7b
> > _main:
> >         .cfi_startproc
> > ## BB#0:
> >         pushq   %rax
> > Ltmp0:
> >         .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
> >         movl    _main-4(%rip), %esi
> >         leaq    L_.str(%rip), %rdi
> >         xorl    %eax, %eax
> >         callq   _printf
> >         xorl    %eax, %eax
> >         popq    %rcx
> >         retq
> >         .cfi_endproc
> >
> >         .section        __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals
> > L_.str:                                 ## @.str
> >         .asciz  "p = %d\n"
> >
> >
> >         .globl  _main.dsp
> >         .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > .subsections_via_symbols
> >
> > any ideas how to get the .alt_entry right?
> >
> > Cheers,
> >  Moritz
> >
> >
> > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:02 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 5:54 PM, Moritz Angermann <
> moritz.angermann at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > Hi Peter,
> > >
> > > I’ve just experimented with this a bit:
> > >
> > > Say we would end up with the following assembly:
> > >
> > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > >   .globl _main
> > >
> > >   .long 1
> > > _main:
> > >   inc %eax
> > >   ret
> > >
> > >   .globl  _main.dsp
> > >   .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > >
> > > What happens if you try ".alt_entry _main" instead? The
alt_entry is
> supposed to be bound to the atom appearing *before* it.
> > >
> > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > >
> > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > >
> > > (e.g. we inject the .alt_entry after the fact, pointing to the
start
> of the prefix data)
> > >
> > > this will yield:
> > >
> > > $ clang test.s -dead_strip
> > > ld: warning: N_ALT_ENTRY bit set on first atom in section
__TEXT/__text
> > >
> > > And the prefix data will be stripped again.
> > >
> > > E.g. what you end up getting is:
> > >
> > > $ otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > a.out:
> > > _main:
> > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > >
> > > instead of what we’d like to get:
> > >
> > > otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > a.out:
> > > _main.dsp:
> > > 0000000100000fb1        01 00   addl    %eax, (%rax)
> > > 0000000100000fb3        00 00   addb    %al, (%rax)
> > > _main:
> > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > >
> > > .alt_entry’s are not dead_strip protected, and this makes sense I
> guess, as if the alt_entry is never
> > > actually called visibly from anywhere, it’s probably not needed.
> However there is the .no_daed_strip
> > > directive. Thus if we graft this slightly different:
> > >
> > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > >   .globl _main
> > >
> > >   .long 1
> > > _main:
> > >   inc %eax
> > >   ret
> > >
> > >   .no_dead_strip  _main.dsp
> > >   .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > >
> > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > >
> > > we still get a warning, but it won’t get stripped. At that point
> however, we don’t need the .alt_entry
> > > anymore (and can drop the warning).
> > >
> > > Thus, I’d propose that for functions with prefix_data, a second
symbol
> with .no_dead_strip is emitted
> > > for the prefix data entry point.
> > >
> > > I don't think that is sufficient. I believe that the linker
is allowed
> to move the function away from the prefix data even if the function is not
> dead stripped.
> > >
> > > Peter
> > >
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > >  Moritz
> > >
> > >
> > > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 3:35 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > That is in theory what omitting the .subsections_via_symbols
> directive is supposed to do, but in an experiment I ran a year or two ago I
> found that the Mach-O linker was still dead stripping on symbol boundaries
> with this directive omitted.
> > > >
> > > > In any case, a more precise approach has more recently (~a
few
> months ago) become possible. There is a relatively new asm directive called
> .altentry that, as I understand it, tells the linker to disregard a given
> symbol as a section boundary (LLVM already uses this for aliases pointing
> into the middle of a global). So what you would do is to use .altentry on
> the function symbol, with an internal symbol appearing before the prefix
> data to ensure that it is not considered part of the body of the previous
> function.
> > > >
> > > > Peter
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 11:19 AM, James Y Knight via llvm-dev
<
> llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> > > > AFAIK, this cannot actually work on Apple platforms, because
its
> object file format (Mach-O) doesn't use sections to determine the
ranges of
> code/data to keep together, but instead _infers_ boundaries based on the
> range between global symbols in the symbol table.
> > > >
> > > > So, the symbol pointing to the beginning of @main
*necessarily*
> makes that be a section boundary.
> > > >
> > > > I think the best that could be done in LLVM is to not emit
the
> ".subsections_via_symbols" asm directive (effectively disabling
dead
> stripping on that object) if any prefix data exists. Currently it emits
> that flag unconditionally for MachO.
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 4:40 AM, Moritz Angermann via
llvm-dev <
> llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> > > > Hi,
> > > >
> > > > I just came across a rather annoying behavior with llvm 3.9.
> Assuming the following
> > > > samle code in test.ll:
> > > >
> > > > ; Lets have some global int x = 4
> > > > @x = global i32 10, align 4
> > > > ; and two strings "p = %d\n" for the prefix data,
> > > > ; as well as "x = %d\n" to print the (global) x
value.
> > > > @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"x =
%d\0A\00",
> align 1
> > > > @.str2 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p =
%d\0A\00",
> align 1
> > > >
> > > > ; declare printf, we'll use this later for printf style
debugging.
> > > > declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
> > > >
> > > > ; define a main function.
> > > > define i32 @main() prefix i32 123 {
> > > >   ; obtain a i32 pointer to the main function.
> > > >   ; the prefix data is right before that pointer.
> > > >   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
> > > >
> > > >   ; use the gep, to cmpute the start of the prefix data.
> > > >   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32
-1
> > > >   ; and load it.
> > > >   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
> > > >
> > > >   ; print that value.
> > > >   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr
inbounds ([8
> x i8], [8 x i8]* @.str2, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
> > > >
> > > >   ; similarly let's do the same with the global x.
> > > >   %1 = alloca i32, align 4
> > > >   store i32 0, i32* %1, align 4
> > > >   %2 = load i32, i32* @x, align 4
> > > >   %3 = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr
inbounds ([8 x
> i8], [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %2)
> > > >   ret i32 0
> > > > }
> > > >
> > > > gives the following result (expected)
> > > >
> > > >    $ clang test.ll
> > > >    $ ./a.out
> > > >    p = 123
> > > >    x = 10
> > > >
> > > > however, with -dead_strip on macOS, we see the following:
> > > >
> > > >    $ clang test.ll -dead_strip
> > > >    $ ./a.out
> > > >    p = 0
> > > >    x = 10
> > > >
> > > > Thus I believe we are incorrectly stripping prefix data when
linking
> with -dead_strip on macOS.
> > > >
> > > > As I do not have a bugzilla account, and hence cannot post
this as a
> proper bug report.
> > > >
> > > > Cheers,
> > > >  Moritz
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > LLVM Developers mailing list
> > > > llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
> > > > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > LLVM Developers mailing list
> > > > llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
> > > > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --
> > > > --
> > > > Peter
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > --
> > > Peter
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > --
> > Peter
>
>

-- 
-- 
Peter
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Hi Peter,

we though that might cause troubles as well.  My current interim solution looks
like the following:

@.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p = %d\0A\00", align
1

%struct.prefix = type { i32 }
declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)

define i32 @main() prefix %struct.prefix { i32 123 } {
  %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
  %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32 -1
  %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
  %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([8 x i8], [8 x
i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
  ret i32 0
}

@main.dsp_helper = alias i32, i32* getelementptr (%struct.prefix,
%struct.prefix* bitcast (i32 ()* @main to %struct.prefix*), i32 -1, i32 0)

module asm ".alt_entry _main"
module asm "_main.dsp = _main.dsp_helper"

This still generated the "ld: warning: N_ALT_ENTRY bit set on first atom in
section __TEXT/__text” warning during linking,
but seems to work as expected, and computes the prefix data size through llvm.

Any drawbacks we should be aware of, using this until the prefix data with
-dead_strip is fixed in a release built of llvm?

Cheers,
 Moritz
> On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:54 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at pcc.me.uk>
wrote:
> 
> I suspect that the format isn't important if you do that, but I
wouldn't recommend it, at least because inlining (and other inter-procedural
optimizations) are not expected to work correctly if you produce IR like that.
> 
> Peter
> 
> On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Moritz Angermann <moritz.angermann at
gmail.com> wrote:
> Peter,
> 
> thanks again! Yes, we only need to refer to main, but we must ensure that
> the prefix data is not stripped.
> 
> I’ll have a look at the AsmPrinter.
> 
> Another idea that came to mind is abusing the prologue data. And simply
> injecting the prefix data into the prologue data. Then adding the *real*
> entry_point as an alt_entry after the prologue data.
> 
> Right now we have.
> 
> .- - - - -. <- main.dsp
> | Prefix  |
> |- - - - -| <- main
> | Body    |
> '- - - - -'
> 
> with Prologue, I believe:
> 
> .- - - - - -. <- main
> | Prologue  |
> |- - - - - -| <- alt_entry main_alt
> | Body      |
> '- - - - - -'
> 
> This could probably work today. However prologue data says it needs a
special
> format.  Do you happen to know, if that format is important as well, if we
> would never ever go through main, but only through main_alt?
> 
> Cheers,
>  Moritz
> 
> > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:33 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk> wrote:
> >
> > Firstly, do you need "main.dsp" defined as an external
symbol, or can all external references go via "main"? If the answer is
the latter, that will make the solution simpler.
> >
> > If only the latter, you will need to make a change to LLVM here:
http://llvm-cs.pcc.me.uk/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp#650
> >
> > Basically you would need to add a hook to the TargetLoweringObjectFile
class that allows the object format to control how prefix data is emitted. For
Mach-O you would emit a label for a dummy internal symbol, followed by the
prefix data and then an alt_entry directive for the function symbol. All other
object formats would just emit the prefix data.
> >
> > Peter
> >
> > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 6:16 PM, Moritz Angermann <moritz.angermann
at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Thank you Peter!
> >
> > That seems to do the trick!
> >
> > $ cat test.s
> >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> >   .globl _main
> >
> >   .long 1
> > _main:
> >   inc %eax
> >   ret
> >
> >   .alt_entry _main
> > _main.dsp = _main-4
> >
> >   .subsections_via_symbols
> >
> >
> > $ clang test.s -dead_strip
> > $ otool -vVtdj a.out
> > a.out:
> > _main.dsp:
> > 0000000100000fb1        01 00   addl    %eax, (%rax)
> > 0000000100000fb3        00 00   addb    %al, (%rax)
> > _main:
> > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> >
> >
> >
> > However, now I need to figure out how to generate this from
> > llvm via an alias.
> >
> > @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p =
%d\0A\00", align 1
> >
> > %struct.prefix = type { i32 }
> > @main.dsp = alias i32, i32* getelementptr (%struct.prefix,
%struct.prefix* bitcast (i32 ()* @main to %struct.prefix*), i32 -1, i32 0)
> >
> > declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
> >
> > define i32 @main() prefix %struct.prefix { i32 123 } {
> >   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
> >   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32 -1
> >   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
> >   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([8 x
i8], [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
> >   ret i32 0
> > }
> >
> >
> > generates the following for me:
> >
> >         .section        __TEXT,__text,regular,pure_instructions
> >         .macosx_version_min 10, 12
> >         .globl  _main
> >         .p2align        4, 0x90
> >         .long   123                     ## @main
> >                                         ## 0x7b
> > _main:
> >         .cfi_startproc
> > ## BB#0:
> >         pushq   %rax
> > Ltmp0:
> >         .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
> >         movl    _main-4(%rip), %esi
> >         leaq    L_.str(%rip), %rdi
> >         xorl    %eax, %eax
> >         callq   _printf
> >         xorl    %eax, %eax
> >         popq    %rcx
> >         retq
> >         .cfi_endproc
> >
> >         .section        __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals
> > L_.str:                                 ## @.str
> >         .asciz  "p = %d\n"
> >
> >
> >         .globl  _main.dsp
> >         .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > .subsections_via_symbols
> >
> > any ideas how to get the .alt_entry right?
> >
> > Cheers,
> >  Moritz
> >
> >
> > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:02 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 5:54 PM, Moritz Angermann
<moritz.angermann at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > Hi Peter,
> > >
> > > I’ve just experimented with this a bit:
> > >
> > > Say we would end up with the following assembly:
> > >
> > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > >   .globl _main
> > >
> > >   .long 1
> > > _main:
> > >   inc %eax
> > >   ret
> > >
> > >   .globl  _main.dsp
> > >   .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > >
> > > What happens if you try ".alt_entry _main" instead? The
alt_entry is supposed to be bound to the atom appearing *before* it.
> > >
> > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > >
> > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > >
> > > (e.g. we inject the .alt_entry after the fact, pointing to the
start of the prefix data)
> > >
> > > this will yield:
> > >
> > > $ clang test.s -dead_strip
> > > ld: warning: N_ALT_ENTRY bit set on first atom in section
__TEXT/__text
> > >
> > > And the prefix data will be stripped again.
> > >
> > > E.g. what you end up getting is:
> > >
> > > $ otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > a.out:
> > > _main:
> > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > >
> > > instead of what we’d like to get:
> > >
> > > otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > a.out:
> > > _main.dsp:
> > > 0000000100000fb1        01 00   addl    %eax, (%rax)
> > > 0000000100000fb3        00 00   addb    %al, (%rax)
> > > _main:
> > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > >
> > > .alt_entry’s are not dead_strip protected, and this makes sense I
guess, as if the alt_entry is never
> > > actually called visibly from anywhere, it’s probably not needed.
However there is the .no_daed_strip
> > > directive. Thus if we graft this slightly different:
> > >
> > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > >   .globl _main
> > >
> > >   .long 1
> > > _main:
> > >   inc %eax
> > >   ret
> > >
> > >   .no_dead_strip  _main.dsp
> > >   .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > >
> > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > >
> > > we still get a warning, but it won’t get stripped. At that point
however, we don’t need the .alt_entry
> > > anymore (and can drop the warning).
> > >
> > > Thus, I’d propose that for functions with prefix_data, a second
symbol with .no_dead_strip is emitted
> > > for the prefix data entry point.
> > >
> > > I don't think that is sufficient. I believe that the linker
is allowed to move the function away from the prefix data even if the function
is not dead stripped.
> > >
> > > Peter
> > >
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > >  Moritz
> > >
> > >
> > > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 3:35 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > That is in theory what omitting the .subsections_via_symbols
directive is supposed to do, but in an experiment I ran a year or two ago I
found that the Mach-O linker was still dead stripping on symbol boundaries with
this directive omitted.
> > > >
> > > > In any case, a more precise approach has more recently (~a
few months ago) become possible. There is a relatively new asm directive called
.altentry that, as I understand it, tells the linker to disregard a given symbol
as a section boundary (LLVM already uses this for aliases pointing into the
middle of a global). So what you would do is to use .altentry on the function
symbol, with an internal symbol appearing before the prefix data to ensure that
it is not considered part of the body of the previous function.
> > > >
> > > > Peter
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 11:19 AM, James Y Knight via llvm-dev
<llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> > > > AFAIK, this cannot actually work on Apple platforms, because
its object file format (Mach-O) doesn't use sections to determine the ranges
of code/data to keep together, but instead _infers_ boundaries based on the
range between global symbols in the symbol table.
> > > >
> > > > So, the symbol pointing to the beginning of @main
*necessarily* makes that be a section boundary.
> > > >
> > > > I think the best that could be done in LLVM is to not emit
the ".subsections_via_symbols" asm directive (effectively disabling
dead stripping on that object) if any prefix data exists. Currently it emits
that flag unconditionally for MachO.
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 4:40 AM, Moritz Angermann via
llvm-dev <llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> > > > Hi,
> > > >
> > > > I just came across a rather annoying behavior with llvm 3.9.
Assuming the following
> > > > samle code in test.ll:
> > > >
> > > > ; Lets have some global int x = 4
> > > > @x = global i32 10, align 4
> > > > ; and two strings "p = %d\n" for the prefix data,
> > > > ; as well as "x = %d\n" to print the (global) x
value.
> > > > @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"x =
%d\0A\00", align 1
> > > > @.str2 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p =
%d\0A\00", align 1
> > > >
> > > > ; declare printf, we'll use this later for printf style
debugging.
> > > > declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
> > > >
> > > > ; define a main function.
> > > > define i32 @main() prefix i32 123 {
> > > >   ; obtain a i32 pointer to the main function.
> > > >   ; the prefix data is right before that pointer.
> > > >   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
> > > >
> > > >   ; use the gep, to cmpute the start of the prefix data.
> > > >   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32
-1
> > > >   ; and load it.
> > > >   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
> > > >
> > > >   ; print that value.
> > > >   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr
inbounds ([8 x i8], [8 x i8]* @.str2, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
> > > >
> > > >   ; similarly let's do the same with the global x.
> > > >   %1 = alloca i32, align 4
> > > >   store i32 0, i32* %1, align 4
> > > >   %2 = load i32, i32* @x, align 4
> > > >   %3 = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr
inbounds ([8 x i8], [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %2)
> > > >   ret i32 0
> > > > }
> > > >
> > > > gives the following result (expected)
> > > >
> > > >    $ clang test.ll
> > > >    $ ./a.out
> > > >    p = 123
> > > >    x = 10
> > > >
> > > > however, with -dead_strip on macOS, we see the following:
> > > >
> > > >    $ clang test.ll -dead_strip
> > > >    $ ./a.out
> > > >    p = 0
> > > >    x = 10
> > > >
> > > > Thus I believe we are incorrectly stripping prefix data when
linking with -dead_strip on macOS.
> > > >
> > > > As I do not have a bugzilla account, and hence cannot post
this as a proper bug report.
> > > >
> > > > Cheers,
> > > >  Moritz
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > LLVM Developers mailing list
> > > > llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
> > > > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > LLVM Developers mailing list
> > > > llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
> > > > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --
> > > > --
> > > > Peter
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > --
> > > Peter
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > --
> > Peter
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> -- 
> Peter

That will set alt_entry on every atom you define in the text section
(dsp_helper becomes alt_entry by virtue of being an alias). I think that
would prevent dead stripping in text altogether because every atom will be
linked to the previous one.

Peter

On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 7:10 PM, Moritz Angermann <moritz.angermann at
gmail.com
> wrote:
> Hi Peter,
>
> we though that might cause troubles as well.  My current interim solution
> looks
> like the following:
>
> @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p = %d\0A\00",
align 1
>
> %struct.prefix = type { i32 }
> declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
>
> define i32 @main() prefix %struct.prefix { i32 123 } {
>   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
>   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32 -1
>   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
>   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([8 x i8],
> [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
>   ret i32 0
> }
>
> @main.dsp_helper = alias i32, i32* getelementptr (%struct.prefix,
> %struct.prefix* bitcast (i32 ()* @main to %struct.prefix*), i32 -1, i32 0)
>
> module asm ".alt_entry _main"
> module asm "_main.dsp = _main.dsp_helper"
>
> This still generated the "ld: warning: N_ALT_ENTRY bit set on first
atom
> in section __TEXT/__text” warning during linking,
> but seems to work as expected, and computes the prefix data size through
> llvm.
>
> Any drawbacks we should be aware of, using this until the prefix data with
> -dead_strip is fixed in a release built of llvm?
>
> Cheers,
>  Moritz
>
> > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:54 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> >
> > I suspect that the format isn't important if you do that, but I
wouldn't
> recommend it, at least because inlining (and other inter-procedural
> optimizations) are not expected to work correctly if you produce IR like
> that.
> >
> > Peter
> >
> > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 6:44 PM, Moritz Angermann <
> moritz.angermann at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Peter,
> >
> > thanks again! Yes, we only need to refer to main, but we must ensure
that
> > the prefix data is not stripped.
> >
> > I’ll have a look at the AsmPrinter.
> >
> > Another idea that came to mind is abusing the prologue data. And
simply
> > injecting the prefix data into the prologue data. Then adding the
*real*
> > entry_point as an alt_entry after the prologue data.
> >
> > Right now we have.
> >
> > .- - - - -. <- main.dsp
> > | Prefix  |
> > |- - - - -| <- main
> > | Body    |
> > '- - - - -'
> >
> > with Prologue, I believe:
> >
> > .- - - - - -. <- main
> > | Prologue  |
> > |- - - - - -| <- alt_entry main_alt
> > | Body      |
> > '- - - - - -'
> >
> > This could probably work today. However prologue data says it needs a
> special
> > format.  Do you happen to know, if that format is important as well,
if
> we
> > would never ever go through main, but only through main_alt?
> >
> > Cheers,
> >  Moritz
> >
> > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:33 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at
pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> > >
> > > Firstly, do you need "main.dsp" defined as an external
symbol, or can
> all external references go via "main"? If the answer is the
latter, that
> will make the solution simpler.
> > >
> > > If only the latter, you will need to make a change to LLVM here:
> http://llvm-cs.pcc.me.uk/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp#650
> > >
> > > Basically you would need to add a hook to the
TargetLoweringObjectFile
> class that allows the object format to control how prefix data is emitted.
> For Mach-O you would emit a label for a dummy internal symbol, followed by
> the prefix data and then an alt_entry directive for the function symbol.
> All other object formats would just emit the prefix data.
> > >
> > > Peter
> > >
> > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 6:16 PM, Moritz Angermann <
> moritz.angermann at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > Thank you Peter!
> > >
> > > That seems to do the trick!
> > >
> > > $ cat test.s
> > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > >   .globl _main
> > >
> > >   .long 1
> > > _main:
> > >   inc %eax
> > >   ret
> > >
> > >   .alt_entry _main
> > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > >
> > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > >
> > >
> > > $ clang test.s -dead_strip
> > > $ otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > a.out:
> > > _main.dsp:
> > > 0000000100000fb1        01 00   addl    %eax, (%rax)
> > > 0000000100000fb3        00 00   addb    %al, (%rax)
> > > _main:
> > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > However, now I need to figure out how to generate this from
> > > llvm via an alias.
> > >
> > > @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"p =
%d\0A\00", align 1
> > >
> > > %struct.prefix = type { i32 }
> > > @main.dsp = alias i32, i32* getelementptr (%struct.prefix,
> %struct.prefix* bitcast (i32 ()* @main to %struct.prefix*), i32 -1, i32 0)
> > >
> > > declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
> > >
> > > define i32 @main() prefix %struct.prefix { i32 123 } {
> > >   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
> > >   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main, i32 -1
> > >   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
> > >   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds
([8 x
> i8], [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
> > >   ret i32 0
> > > }
> > >
> > >
> > > generates the following for me:
> > >
> > >         .section        __TEXT,__text,regular,pure_instructions
> > >         .macosx_version_min 10, 12
> > >         .globl  _main
> > >         .p2align        4, 0x90
> > >         .long   123                     ## @main
> > >                                         ## 0x7b
> > > _main:
> > >         .cfi_startproc
> > > ## BB#0:
> > >         pushq   %rax
> > > Ltmp0:
> > >         .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
> > >         movl    _main-4(%rip), %esi
> > >         leaq    L_.str(%rip), %rdi
> > >         xorl    %eax, %eax
> > >         callq   _printf
> > >         xorl    %eax, %eax
> > >         popq    %rcx
> > >         retq
> > >         .cfi_endproc
> > >
> > >         .section        __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals
> > > L_.str:                                 ## @.str
> > >         .asciz  "p = %d\n"
> > >
> > >
> > >         .globl  _main.dsp
> > >         .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > > .subsections_via_symbols
> > >
> > > any ideas how to get the .alt_entry right?
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > >  Moritz
> > >
> > >
> > > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 10:02 AM, Peter Collingbourne <peter
at pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 5:54 PM, Moritz Angermann <
> moritz.angermann at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > > Hi Peter,
> > > >
> > > > I’ve just experimented with this a bit:
> > > >
> > > > Say we would end up with the following assembly:
> > > >
> > > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > > >   .globl _main
> > > >
> > > >   .long 1
> > > > _main:
> > > >   inc %eax
> > > >   ret
> > > >
> > > >   .globl  _main.dsp
> > > >   .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > > >
> > > > What happens if you try ".alt_entry _main"
instead? The alt_entry is
> supposed to be bound to the atom appearing *before* it.
> > > >
> > > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > > >
> > > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > > >
> > > > (e.g. we inject the .alt_entry after the fact, pointing to
the start
> of the prefix data)
> > > >
> > > > this will yield:
> > > >
> > > > $ clang test.s -dead_strip
> > > > ld: warning: N_ALT_ENTRY bit set on first atom in section
> __TEXT/__text
> > > >
> > > > And the prefix data will be stripped again.
> > > >
> > > > E.g. what you end up getting is:
> > > >
> > > > $ otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > > a.out:
> > > > _main:
> > > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > > >
> > > > instead of what we’d like to get:
> > > >
> > > > otool -vVtdj a.out
> > > > a.out:
> > > > _main.dsp:
> > > > 0000000100000fb1        01 00   addl    %eax, (%rax)
> > > > 0000000100000fb3        00 00   addb    %al, (%rax)
> > > > _main:
> > > > 0000000100000fb5        ff c0   incl    %eax
> > > > 0000000100000fb7        c3      retq
> > > >
> > > > .alt_entry’s are not dead_strip protected, and this makes
sense I
> guess, as if the alt_entry is never
> > > > actually called visibly from anywhere, it’s probably not
needed.
> However there is the .no_daed_strip
> > > > directive. Thus if we graft this slightly different:
> > > >
> > > >   .section  __TEXT,__text
> > > >   .globl _main
> > > >
> > > >   .long 1
> > > > _main:
> > > >   inc %eax
> > > >   ret
> > > >
> > > >   .no_dead_strip  _main.dsp
> > > >   .alt_entry      _main.dsp
> > > > _main.dsp = _main-4
> > > >
> > > >   .subsections_via_symbols
> > > >
> > > > we still get a warning, but it won’t get stripped. At that
point
> however, we don’t need the .alt_entry
> > > > anymore (and can drop the warning).
> > > >
> > > > Thus, I’d propose that for functions with prefix_data, a
second
> symbol with .no_dead_strip is emitted
> > > > for the prefix data entry point.
> > > >
> > > > I don't think that is sufficient. I believe that the
linker is
> allowed to move the function away from the prefix data even if the function
> is not dead stripped.
> > > >
> > > > Peter
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Cheers,
> > > >  Moritz
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > On Mar 7, 2017, at 3:35 AM, Peter Collingbourne
<peter at pcc.me.uk>
> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > That is in theory what omitting the
.subsections_via_symbols
> directive is supposed to do, but in an experiment I ran a year or two ago I
> found that the Mach-O linker was still dead stripping on symbol boundaries
> with this directive omitted.
> > > > >
> > > > > In any case, a more precise approach has more recently
(~a few
> months ago) become possible. There is a relatively new asm directive called
> .altentry that, as I understand it, tells the linker to disregard a given
> symbol as a section boundary (LLVM already uses this for aliases pointing
> into the middle of a global). So what you would do is to use .altentry on
> the function symbol, with an internal symbol appearing before the prefix
> data to ensure that it is not considered part of the body of the previous
> function.
> > > > >
> > > > > Peter
> > > > >
> > > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 11:19 AM, James Y Knight via
llvm-dev <
> llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> > > > > AFAIK, this cannot actually work on Apple platforms,
because its
> object file format (Mach-O) doesn't use sections to determine the
ranges of
> code/data to keep together, but instead _infers_ boundaries based on the
> range between global symbols in the symbol table.
> > > > >
> > > > > So, the symbol pointing to the beginning of @main
*necessarily*
> makes that be a section boundary.
> > > > >
> > > > > I think the best that could be done in LLVM is to not
emit the
> ".subsections_via_symbols" asm directive (effectively disabling
dead
> stripping on that object) if any prefix data exists. Currently it emits
> that flag unconditionally for MachO.
> > > > >
> > > > > On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 4:40 AM, Moritz Angermann via
llvm-dev <
> llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> > > > > Hi,
> > > > >
> > > > > I just came across a rather annoying behavior with llvm
3.9.
> Assuming the following
> > > > > samle code in test.ll:
> > > > >
> > > > > ; Lets have some global int x = 4
> > > > > @x = global i32 10, align 4
> > > > > ; and two strings "p = %d\n" for the prefix
data,
> > > > > ; as well as "x = %d\n" to print the (global)
x value.
> > > > > @.str = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"x
= %d\0A\00",
> align 1
> > > > > @.str2 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8]
c"p = %d\0A\00",
> align 1
> > > > >
> > > > > ; declare printf, we'll use this later for printf
style debugging.
> > > > > declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)
> > > > >
> > > > > ; define a main function.
> > > > > define i32 @main() prefix i32 123 {
> > > > >   ; obtain a i32 pointer to the main function.
> > > > >   ; the prefix data is right before that pointer.
> > > > >   %main = bitcast i32 ()* @main to i32*
> > > > >
> > > > >   ; use the gep, to cmpute the start of the prefix
data.
> > > > >   %prefix_ptr = getelementptr inbounds i32, i32* %main,
i32 -1
> > > > >   ; and load it.
> > > > >   %prefix_val = load i32, i32* %prefix_ptr
> > > > >
> > > > >   ; print that value.
> > > > >   %ret = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr
inbounds
> ([8 x i8], [8 x i8]* @.str2, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %prefix_val)
> > > > >
> > > > >   ; similarly let's do the same with the global x.
> > > > >   %1 = alloca i32, align 4
> > > > >   store i32 0, i32* %1, align 4
> > > > >   %2 = load i32, i32* @x, align 4
> > > > >   %3 = call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr
inbounds ([8
> x i8], [8 x i8]* @.str, i32 0, i32 0), i32 %2)
> > > > >   ret i32 0
> > > > > }
> > > > >
> > > > > gives the following result (expected)
> > > > >
> > > > >    $ clang test.ll
> > > > >    $ ./a.out
> > > > >    p = 123
> > > > >    x = 10
> > > > >
> > > > > however, with -dead_strip on macOS, we see the
following:
> > > > >
> > > > >    $ clang test.ll -dead_strip
> > > > >    $ ./a.out
> > > > >    p = 0
> > > > >    x = 10
> > > > >
> > > > > Thus I believe we are incorrectly stripping prefix data
when
> linking with -dead_strip on macOS.
> > > > >
> > > > > As I do not have a bugzilla account, and hence cannot
post this as
> a proper bug report.
> > > > >
> > > > > Cheers,
> > > > >  Moritz
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > LLVM Developers mailing list
> > > > > llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
> > > > > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > LLVM Developers mailing list
> > > > > llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
> > > > > http://lists.llvm.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > --
> > > > > --
> > > > > Peter
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > --
> > > > --
> > > > Peter
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > --
> > > Peter
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > --
> > Peter
>
>

-- 
-- 
Peter
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