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Todd Rovito

2010-Feb-17 08:01 UTC

[LLVMdev] Kaleidoscope toy4 failure seg fault on llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)

I am new to llvm so I might be missing a critical step.  My system is
Fedora 12 but this also happens in Mac OS X 10.6.2.  Here are the
steps I used to compile llvm:
export TARGETS=x86,x86_64,cpp
export INSTALLDIR=/home/rovitotv/llvm
../llvm-2.6/configure --prefix=$INSTALLDIR --enable-bindings=none
--enable-targets=$TARGETS --enable-optimized
--with-llvmgccdir=$INSTALLDIR --with-llvm-externals=/home/rovitotv/
make ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1
make install

To compile the llvm-gcc4.2-2.6 front end:
../llvm-gcc4.2-2.6/configure --target=i686-pc-linux-gnu
--with-tune=generic --with-arch=pentium4 --prefix=/home/rovitotv/llvm/
--enable-llvm=/home/rovitotv/llvm/ --enable-languages=c,c++
make
make install

Then I make sure that /home/rovitotv/llvm/bin is in my path.  At this
point I copy/paste the example in the tutorial chapter 4, please see
code below.  I have tried a few different commands to compile, here
are the variations:
g++ -g toy4_new_copy.cpp `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core
jit native` -O3 -o toy4

g++ -g toy4.cpp `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit
interpreter native` -O2 -o toy4

The compile completes with no errors or warnings.  When I execute the
program then enter the expression 4+5; I get a seg fault :-( Here is
sample gdb output from a recent run:

(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/rovitotv/prog/llvm-tutorial/toy4
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
ready> 4+5;

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x080524f0 in llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)
    at /home/rovitotv/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h:167
167	  const TargetData *getTargetData() const { return TD; }
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.11-2.i686
libgcc-4.4.2-7.fc12.i686 libstdc++-4.4.2-7.fc12.i686
(gdb) bt
#0  0x080524f0 in llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)
    at /home/rovitotv/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h:167
#1  0x0805201a in main () at toy4_new_copy.cpp:577
(gdb)


Any help you can provide would be much appreciated.  Thanks!




======================================================================================#include
"llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
#include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/ModuleProvider.h"
#include "llvm/PassManager.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
#include "llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetSelect.h"    // TVR added this line after
mailing list post
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
using namespace llvm;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Lexer
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

// The lexer returns tokens [0-255] if it is an unknown character, otherwise one
// of these for known things.
enum Token {
  tok_eof = -1,

  // commands
  tok_def = -2, tok_extern = -3,

  // primary
  tok_identifier = -4, tok_number = -5,
};

static std::string IdentifierStr;  // Filled in if tok_identifier
static double NumVal;              // Filled in if tok_number

/// gettok - Return the next token from standard input.
static int gettok() {
  static int LastChar = ' ';

  // Skip any whitespace.
  while (isspace(LastChar))
    LastChar = getchar();

  if (isalpha(LastChar)) { // identifier: [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*
    IdentifierStr = LastChar;
    while (isalnum((LastChar = getchar())))
      IdentifierStr += LastChar;

    if (IdentifierStr == "def") return tok_def;
    if (IdentifierStr == "extern") return tok_extern;
    return tok_identifier;
  }

  if (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.') {   // Number: [0-9.]+
    std::string NumStr;
    do {
      NumStr += LastChar;
      LastChar = getchar();
    } while (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.');

    NumVal = strtod(NumStr.c_str(), 0);
    return tok_number;
  }

  if (LastChar == '#') {
    // Comment until end of line.
    do LastChar = getchar();
    while (LastChar != EOF && LastChar != '\n' &&
LastChar != '\r');

    if (LastChar != EOF)
      return gettok();
  }

  // Check for end of file.  Don't eat the EOF.
  if (LastChar == EOF)
    return tok_eof;

  // Otherwise, just return the character as its ascii value.
  int ThisChar = LastChar;
  LastChar = getchar();
  return ThisChar;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Abstract Syntax Tree (aka Parse Tree)
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// ExprAST - Base class for all expression nodes.
class ExprAST {
public:
  virtual ~ExprAST() {}
  virtual Value *Codegen() = 0;
};

/// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
  double Val;
public:
  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
  virtual Value *Codegen();
};

/// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
"a".
class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
  std::string Name;
public:
  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
  virtual Value *Codegen();
};

/// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
  char Op;
  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
public:
  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
    : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
  virtual Value *Codegen();
};

/// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
  std::string Callee;
  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
public:
  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*>
&args)
    : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
  virtual Value *Codegen();
};

/// PrototypeAST - This class represents the "prototype" for a
function,
/// which captures its argument names as well as if it is an operator.
class PrototypeAST {
  std::string Name;
  std::vector<std::string> Args;
public:
  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string>
&args)
    : Name(name), Args(args) {}

  Function *Codegen();
};

/// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
class FunctionAST {
  PrototypeAST *Proto;
  ExprAST *Body;
public:
  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body)
    : Proto(proto), Body(body) {}

  Function *Codegen();
};

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Parser
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// CurTok/getNextToken - Provide a simple token buffer.  CurTok is the current
/// token the parser it looking at.  getNextToken reads another token from the
/// lexer and updates CurTok with its results.
static int CurTok;
static int getNextToken() {
  return CurTok = gettok();
}

/// BinopPrecedence - This holds the precedence for each binary operator that is
/// defined.
static std::map<char, int> BinopPrecedence;

/// GetTokPrecedence - Get the precedence of the pending binary operator token.
static int GetTokPrecedence() {
  if (!isascii(CurTok))
    return -1;

  // Make sure it's a declared binop.
  int TokPrec = BinopPrecedence[CurTok];
  if (TokPrec <= 0) return -1;
  return TokPrec;
}

/// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n",
Str);return 0;}
PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }

static ExprAST *ParseExpression();

/// identifierexpr
///   ::= identifier
///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
  std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;

  getNextToken();  // eat identifier.

  if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);

  // Call.
  getNextToken();  // eat (
  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
  if (CurTok != ')') {
    while (1) {
      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
      if (!Arg) return 0;
      Args.push_back(Arg);

      if (CurTok == ')') break;

      if (CurTok != ',')
        return Error("Expected ')' or ',' in argument
list");
      getNextToken();
    }
  }

  // Eat the ')'.
  getNextToken();

  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
}

/// numberexpr ::= number
static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
  getNextToken(); // consume the number
  return Result;
}

/// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
  getNextToken();  // eat (.
  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
  if (!V) return 0;

  if (CurTok != ')')
    return Error("expected ')'");
  getNextToken();  // eat ).
  return V;
}

/// primary
///   ::= identifierexpr
///   ::= numberexpr
///   ::= parenexpr
static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
  switch (CurTok) {
  default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
  case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
  case tok_number:     return ParseNumberExpr();
  case '(':            return ParseParenExpr();
  }
}

/// binoprhs
///   ::= ('+' primary)*
static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
  // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
  while (1) {
    int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();

    // If this is a binop that binds at least as tightly as the current binop,
    // consume it, otherwise we are done.
    if (TokPrec < ExprPrec)
      return LHS;

    // Okay, we know this is a binop.
    int BinOp = CurTok;
    getNextToken();  // eat binop

    // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
    if (!RHS) return 0;

    // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after RHS, let
    // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
    int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
    if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
      if (RHS == 0) return 0;
    }

    // Merge LHS/RHS.
    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
  }
}

/// expression
///   ::= primary binoprhs
///
static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
  if (!LHS) return 0;

  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
}

/// prototype
///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
  if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
    return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");

  std::string FnName = IdentifierStr;
  getNextToken();

  if (CurTok != '(')
    return ErrorP("Expected '(' in prototype");

  std::vector<std::string> ArgNames;
  while (getNextToken() == tok_identifier)
    ArgNames.push_back(IdentifierStr);
  if (CurTok != ')')
    return ErrorP("Expected ')' in prototype");

  // success.
  getNextToken();  // eat ')'.

  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
}

/// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
  getNextToken();  // eat def.
  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
  if (Proto == 0) return 0;

  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
  return 0;
}

/// toplevelexpr ::= expression
static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
    // Make an anonymous proto.
    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
std::vector<std::string>());
    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
  }
  return 0;
}

/// external ::= 'extern' prototype
static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
  getNextToken();  // eat extern.
  return ParsePrototype();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Code Generation
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static Module *TheModule;
static IRBuilder<> Builder(getGlobalContext());
static std::map<std::string, Value*> NamedValues;
static FunctionPassManager *TheFPM;

Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }

Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
  return ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(Val));
}

Value *VariableExprAST::Codegen() {
  // Look this variable up in the function.
  Value *V = NamedValues[Name];
  return V ? V : ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
}

Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
  Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
  Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
  if (L == 0 || R == 0) return 0;

  switch (Op) {
  case '+': return Builder.CreateAdd(L, R, "addtmp");
  case '-': return Builder.CreateSub(L, R, "subtmp");
  case '*': return Builder.CreateMul(L, R, "multmp");
  case '<':
    L = Builder.CreateFCmpULT(L, R, "cmptmp");
    // Convert bool 0/1 to double 0.0 or 1.0
    return Builder.CreateUIToFP(L,
Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()), "booltmp");
  default: return ErrorV("invalid binary operator");
  }
}

Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
  // Look up the name in the global module table.
  Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
  if (CalleeF == 0)
    return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");

  // If argument mismatch error.
  if (CalleeF->arg_size() != Args.size())
    return ErrorV("Incorrect # arguments passed");

  std::vector<Value*> ArgsV;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
    if (ArgsV.back() == 0) return 0;
  }

  return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV.begin(), ArgsV.end(),
"calltmp");
}

Function *PrototypeAST::Codegen() {
  // Make the function type:  double(double,double) etc.
  std::vector<const Type*> Doubles(Args.size(),
Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()));
  FunctionType *FT FunctionType::get(Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()),
Doubles,
false);

  Function *F = Function::Create(FT, Function::ExternalLinkage, Name,
TheModule);

  // If F conflicted, there was already something named 'Name'.  If it
has a
  // body, don't allow redefinition or reextern.
  if (F->getName() != Name) {
    // Delete the one we just made and get the existing one.
    F->eraseFromParent();
    F = TheModule->getFunction(Name);

    // If F already has a body, reject this.
    if (!F->empty()) {
      ErrorF("redefinition of function");
      return 0;
    }

    // If F took a different number of args, reject.
    if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
      ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
      return 0;
    }
  }

  // Set names for all arguments.
  unsigned Idx = 0;
  for (Function::arg_iterator AI = F->arg_begin(); Idx != Args.size();
       ++AI, ++Idx) {
    AI->setName(Args[Idx]);

    // Add arguments to variable symbol table.
    NamedValues[Args[Idx]] = AI;
  }

  return F;
}

Function *FunctionAST::Codegen() {
  NamedValues.clear();

  Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
  if (TheFunction == 0)
    return 0;

  // Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
  BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(getGlobalContext(), "entry",
TheFunction);
  Builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);

  if (Value *RetVal = Body->Codegen()) {
    // Finish off the function.
    Builder.CreateRet(RetVal);

    // Validate the generated code, checking for consistency.
    verifyFunction(*TheFunction);

    // Optimize the function.
    TheFPM->run(*TheFunction);

    return TheFunction;
  }

  // Error reading body, remove function.
  TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
  return 0;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Top-Level parsing and JIT Driver
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;

static void HandleDefinition() {
  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
      LF->dump();
    }
  } else {
    // Skip token for error recovery.
    getNextToken();
  }
}

static void HandleExtern() {
  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
      F->dump();
    }
  } else {
    // Skip token for error recovery.
    getNextToken();
  }
}

static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
  // Evaluate a top level expression into an anonymous function.
  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
      // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);

      // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a double) so we
      // can call it as a native function.
      double (*FP)() = (double (*)())FPtr;
      fprintf(stderr, "Evaluated to %f\n", FP());
    }
  } else {
    // Skip token for error recovery.
    getNextToken();
  }
}

/// top ::= definition | external | expression | ';'
static void MainLoop() {
  while (1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
    switch (CurTok) {
    case tok_eof:    return;
    case ';':        getNextToken(); break;  // ignore top level
semicolons.
    case tok_def:    HandleDefinition(); break;
    case tok_extern: HandleExtern(); break;
    default:         HandleTopLevelExpression(); break;
    }
  }
}



//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// "Library" functions that can be "extern'd" from user
code.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// putchard - putchar that takes a double and returns 0.
extern "C"
double putchard(double X) {
  putchar((char)X);
  return 0;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Main driver code.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

int main() {
 InitializeNativeTarget();    // TVR added this code after reading llvm post
  // Install standard binary operators.
  // 1 is lowest precedence.
  BinopPrecedence['<'] = 10;
  BinopPrecedence['+'] = 20;
  BinopPrecedence['-'] = 20;
  BinopPrecedence['*'] = 40;  // highest.

  // Prime the first token.
  fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
  getNextToken();

  // Make the module, which holds all the code.
  TheModule = new Module("my cool jit", getGlobalContext());

  // Create the JIT.

  TheExecutionEngine = EngineBuilder(TheModule).create();

  {
    ExistingModuleProvider OurModuleProvider(TheModule);
    FunctionPassManager OurFPM(&OurModuleProvider);

    // Set up the optimizer pipeline.  Start with registering info about how the
    // target lays out data structures.
    OurFPM.add(new TargetData(*TheExecutionEngine->getTargetData()));
    // Do simple "peephole" optimizations and bit-twiddling optzns.
    OurFPM.add(createInstructionCombiningPass());
    // Reassociate expressions.
    OurFPM.add(createReassociatePass());
    // Eliminate Common SubExpressions.
    OurFPM.add(createGVNPass());
    // Simplify the control flow graph (deleting unreachable blocks, etc).
    OurFPM.add(createCFGSimplificationPass());

    // Set the global so the code gen can use this.
    TheFPM = &OurFPM;

    // Run the main "interpreter loop" now.
    MainLoop();

    TheFPM = 0;

    // Print out all of the generated code.
    TheModule->dump();
  }  // Free module provider (and thus the module) and pass manager.

  return 0;
}

Conrado Miranda

2010-Feb-17 16:29 UTC

head link

[LLVMdev] Kaleidoscope toy4 failure seg fault on llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)

First, you have to call llvm-g++ to use the llvm-gcc front end, but it
doesn't matter here.

I'd like to suggest that you use pastebin to put your code and the send us
the link, so that we can download it. The problem is that TheExecutionEngine
is set to NULL (maybe because of a previous error), but it will be really
better if you use pastebin.

On Wed, Feb 17, 2010 at 6:01 AM, Todd Rovito <rovitotv at gmail.com>
wrote:
> I am new to llvm so I might be missing a critical step.  My system is
> Fedora 12 but this also happens in Mac OS X 10.6.2.  Here are the
> steps I used to compile llvm:
> export TARGETS=x86,x86_64,cpp
> export INSTALLDIR=/home/rovitotv/llvm
> ../llvm-2.6/configure --prefix=$INSTALLDIR --enable-bindings=none
> --enable-targets=$TARGETS --enable-optimized
> --with-llvmgccdir=$INSTALLDIR --with-llvm-externals=/home/rovitotv/
> make ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1
> make install
>
> To compile the llvm-gcc4.2-2.6 front end:
> ../llvm-gcc4.2-2.6/configure --target=i686-pc-linux-gnu
> --with-tune=generic --with-arch=pentium4 --prefix=/home/rovitotv/llvm/
> --enable-llvm=/home/rovitotv/llvm/ --enable-languages=c,c++
> make
> make install
>
> Then I make sure that /home/rovitotv/llvm/bin is in my path.  At this
> point I copy/paste the example in the tutorial chapter 4, please see
> code below.  I have tried a few different commands to compile, here
> are the variations:
> g++ -g toy4_new_copy.cpp `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core
> jit native` -O3 -o toy4
>
> g++ -g toy4.cpp `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit
> interpreter native` -O2 -o toy4
>
> The compile completes with no errors or warnings.  When I execute the
> program then enter the expression 4+5; I get a seg fault :-( Here is
> sample gdb output from a recent run:
>
> (gdb) run
> Starting program: /home/rovitotv/prog/llvm-tutorial/toy4
> [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
> ready> 4+5;
>
> Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
> 0x080524f0 in llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)
>    at
> /home/rovitotv/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h:167
> 167       const TargetData *getTargetData() const { return TD; }
> Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.11-2.i686
> libgcc-4.4.2-7.fc12.i686 libstdc++-4.4.2-7.fc12.i686
> (gdb) bt
> #0  0x080524f0 in llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)
>    at
> /home/rovitotv/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h:167
> #1  0x0805201a in main () at toy4_new_copy.cpp:577
> (gdb)
>
>
> Any help you can provide would be much appreciated.  Thanks!
>
>
>
>
>
>
======================================================================================>
#include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
> #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
> #include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
> #include "llvm/Module.h"
> #include "llvm/ModuleProvider.h"
> #include "llvm/PassManager.h"
> #include "llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h"
> #include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
> #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
> #include "llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h"
> #include "llvm/Target/TargetSelect.h"    // TVR added this line
after
> mailing list post
> #include <cstdio>
> #include <string>
> #include <map>
> #include <vector>
> using namespace llvm;
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // Lexer
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> // The lexer returns tokens [0-255] if it is an unknown character,
> otherwise one
> // of these for known things.
> enum Token {
>  tok_eof = -1,
>
>  // commands
>  tok_def = -2, tok_extern = -3,
>
>  // primary
>  tok_identifier = -4, tok_number = -5,
> };
>
> static std::string IdentifierStr;  // Filled in if tok_identifier
> static double NumVal;              // Filled in if tok_number
>
> /// gettok - Return the next token from standard input.
> static int gettok() {
>  static int LastChar = ' ';
>
>  // Skip any whitespace.
>  while (isspace(LastChar))
>    LastChar = getchar();
>
>  if (isalpha(LastChar)) { // identifier: [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*
>    IdentifierStr = LastChar;
>    while (isalnum((LastChar = getchar())))
>      IdentifierStr += LastChar;
>
>    if (IdentifierStr == "def") return tok_def;
>    if (IdentifierStr == "extern") return tok_extern;
>    return tok_identifier;
>  }
>
>  if (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.') {   // Number: [0-9.]+
>    std::string NumStr;
>    do {
>      NumStr += LastChar;
>      LastChar = getchar();
>    } while (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.');
>
>    NumVal = strtod(NumStr.c_str(), 0);
>    return tok_number;
>  }
>
>  if (LastChar == '#') {
>    // Comment until end of line.
>    do LastChar = getchar();
>    while (LastChar != EOF && LastChar != '\n' &&
LastChar != '\r');
>
>    if (LastChar != EOF)
>      return gettok();
>  }
>
>  // Check for end of file.  Don't eat the EOF.
>  if (LastChar == EOF)
>    return tok_eof;
>
>  // Otherwise, just return the character as its ascii value.
>  int ThisChar = LastChar;
>  LastChar = getchar();
>  return ThisChar;
> }
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // Abstract Syntax Tree (aka Parse Tree)
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> /// ExprAST - Base class for all expression nodes.
> class ExprAST {
> public:
>  virtual ~ExprAST() {}
>  virtual Value *Codegen() = 0;
> };
>
> /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like
"1.0".
> class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
>  double Val;
> public:
>  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
>  virtual Value *Codegen();
> };
>
> /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
> "a".
> class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
>  std::string Name;
> public:
>  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
>  virtual Value *Codegen();
> };
>
> /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
> class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
>  char Op;
>  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
> public:
>  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
>    : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
>  virtual Value *Codegen();
> };
>
> /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
> class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
>  std::string Callee;
>  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
> public:
>  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*>
&args)
>    : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
>  virtual Value *Codegen();
> };
>
> /// PrototypeAST - This class represents the "prototype" for a
function,
> /// which captures its argument names as well as if it is an operator.
> class PrototypeAST {
>  std::string Name;
>  std::vector<std::string> Args;
> public:
>  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const
std::vector<std::string>
> &args)
>    : Name(name), Args(args) {}
>
>  Function *Codegen();
> };
>
> /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
> class FunctionAST {
>  PrototypeAST *Proto;
>  ExprAST *Body;
> public:
>  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body)
>    : Proto(proto), Body(body) {}
>
>  Function *Codegen();
> };
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // Parser
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> /// CurTok/getNextToken - Provide a simple token buffer.  CurTok is the
> current
> /// token the parser it looking at.  getNextToken reads another token from
> the
> /// lexer and updates CurTok with its results.
> static int CurTok;
> static int getNextToken() {
>  return CurTok = gettok();
> }
>
> /// BinopPrecedence - This holds the precedence for each binary operator
> that is
> /// defined.
> static std::map<char, int> BinopPrecedence;
>
> /// GetTokPrecedence - Get the precedence of the pending binary operator
> token.
> static int GetTokPrecedence() {
>  if (!isascii(CurTok))
>    return -1;
>
>  // Make sure it's a declared binop.
>  int TokPrec = BinopPrecedence[CurTok];
>  if (TokPrec <= 0) return -1;
>  return TokPrec;
> }
>
> /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
> ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n",
> Str);return 0;}
> PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
> FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
>
> static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
>
> /// identifierexpr
> ///   ::= identifier
> ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
> static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
>  std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
>
>  getNextToken();  // eat identifier.
>
>  if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
>    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
>
>  // Call.
>  getNextToken();  // eat (
>  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
>  if (CurTok != ')') {
>    while (1) {
>      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
>      if (!Arg) return 0;
>      Args.push_back(Arg);
>
>      if (CurTok == ')') break;
>
>      if (CurTok != ',')
>        return Error("Expected ')' or ',' in argument
list");
>      getNextToken();
>    }
>  }
>
>  // Eat the ')'.
>  getNextToken();
>
>  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
> }
>
> /// numberexpr ::= number
> static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
>  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
>  getNextToken(); // consume the number
>  return Result;
> }
>
> /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
> static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
>  getNextToken();  // eat (.
>  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
>  if (!V) return 0;
>
>  if (CurTok != ')')
>    return Error("expected ')'");
>  getNextToken();  // eat ).
>  return V;
> }
>
> /// primary
> ///   ::= identifierexpr
> ///   ::= numberexpr
> ///   ::= parenexpr
> static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
>  switch (CurTok) {
>  default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an
expression");
>  case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
>  case tok_number:     return ParseNumberExpr();
>  case '(':            return ParseParenExpr();
>  }
> }
>
> /// binoprhs
> ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
> static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
>  // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
>  while (1) {
>    int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
>
>    // If this is a binop that binds at least as tightly as the current
> binop,
>    // consume it, otherwise we are done.
>    if (TokPrec < ExprPrec)
>      return LHS;
>
>    // Okay, we know this is a binop.
>    int BinOp = CurTok;
>    getNextToken();  // eat binop
>
>    // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
>    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
>    if (!RHS) return 0;
>
>    // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after RHS, let
>    // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
>    int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
>    if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
>      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
>      if (RHS == 0) return 0;
>    }
>
>    // Merge LHS/RHS.
>    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
>  }
> }
>
> /// expression
> ///   ::= primary binoprhs
> ///
> static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
>  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
>  if (!LHS) return 0;
>
>  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
> }
>
> /// prototype
> ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
> static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
>  if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
>    return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
>
>  std::string FnName = IdentifierStr;
>  getNextToken();
>
>  if (CurTok != '(')
>    return ErrorP("Expected '(' in prototype");
>
>  std::vector<std::string> ArgNames;
>  while (getNextToken() == tok_identifier)
>    ArgNames.push_back(IdentifierStr);
>  if (CurTok != ')')
>    return ErrorP("Expected ')' in prototype");
>
>  // success.
>  getNextToken();  // eat ')'.
>
>  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
> }
>
> /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
> static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
>  getNextToken();  // eat def.
>  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
>  if (Proto == 0) return 0;
>
>  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
>    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
>  return 0;
> }
>
> /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
> static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
>  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
>    // Make an anonymous proto.
>    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
std::vector<std::string>());
>    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
>  }
>  return 0;
> }
>
> /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
> static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
>  getNextToken();  // eat extern.
>  return ParsePrototype();
> }
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // Code Generation
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> static Module *TheModule;
> static IRBuilder<> Builder(getGlobalContext());
> static std::map<std::string, Value*> NamedValues;
> static FunctionPassManager *TheFPM;
>
> Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
>
> Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
>  return ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(Val));
> }
>
> Value *VariableExprAST::Codegen() {
>  // Look this variable up in the function.
>  Value *V = NamedValues[Name];
>  return V ? V : ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
> }
>
> Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
>  Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
>  Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
>  if (L == 0 || R == 0) return 0;
>
>  switch (Op) {
>  case '+': return Builder.CreateAdd(L, R, "addtmp");
>  case '-': return Builder.CreateSub(L, R, "subtmp");
>  case '*': return Builder.CreateMul(L, R, "multmp");
>  case '<':
>    L = Builder.CreateFCmpULT(L, R, "cmptmp");
>    // Convert bool 0/1 to double 0.0 or 1.0
>    return Builder.CreateUIToFP(L,
> Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()), "booltmp");
>  default: return ErrorV("invalid binary operator");
>  }
> }
>
> Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
>  // Look up the name in the global module table.
>  Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
>  if (CalleeF == 0)
>    return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
>
>  // If argument mismatch error.
>  if (CalleeF->arg_size() != Args.size())
>    return ErrorV("Incorrect # arguments passed");
>
>  std::vector<Value*> ArgsV;
>  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
>    ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
>    if (ArgsV.back() == 0) return 0;
>  }
>
>  return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV.begin(), ArgsV.end(),
"calltmp");
> }
>
> Function *PrototypeAST::Codegen() {
>  // Make the function type:  double(double,double) etc.
>  std::vector<const Type*> Doubles(Args.size(),
> Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()));
>  FunctionType *FT >
FunctionType::get(Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()), Doubles,
> false);
>
>  Function *F = Function::Create(FT, Function::ExternalLinkage, Name,
> TheModule);
>
>  // If F conflicted, there was already something named 'Name'.  If
it has a
>  // body, don't allow redefinition or reextern.
>  if (F->getName() != Name) {
>    // Delete the one we just made and get the existing one.
>    F->eraseFromParent();
>    F = TheModule->getFunction(Name);
>
>    // If F already has a body, reject this.
>    if (!F->empty()) {
>      ErrorF("redefinition of function");
>      return 0;
>    }
>
>    // If F took a different number of args, reject.
>    if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
>      ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
>      return 0;
>    }
>  }
>
>  // Set names for all arguments.
>  unsigned Idx = 0;
>  for (Function::arg_iterator AI = F->arg_begin(); Idx != Args.size();
>       ++AI, ++Idx) {
>    AI->setName(Args[Idx]);
>
>    // Add arguments to variable symbol table.
>    NamedValues[Args[Idx]] = AI;
>  }
>
>  return F;
> }
>
> Function *FunctionAST::Codegen() {
>  NamedValues.clear();
>
>  Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
>  if (TheFunction == 0)
>    return 0;
>
>  // Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
>  BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(getGlobalContext(), "entry",
> TheFunction);
>  Builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);
>
>  if (Value *RetVal = Body->Codegen()) {
>    // Finish off the function.
>    Builder.CreateRet(RetVal);
>
>    // Validate the generated code, checking for consistency.
>    verifyFunction(*TheFunction);
>
>    // Optimize the function.
>    TheFPM->run(*TheFunction);
>
>    return TheFunction;
>  }
>
>  // Error reading body, remove function.
>  TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
>  return 0;
> }
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // Top-Level parsing and JIT Driver
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
>
> static void HandleDefinition() {
>  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
>    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
>      fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
>      LF->dump();
>    }
>  } else {
>    // Skip token for error recovery.
>    getNextToken();
>  }
> }
>
> static void HandleExtern() {
>  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
>    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
>      fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
>      F->dump();
>    }
>  } else {
>    // Skip token for error recovery.
>    getNextToken();
>  }
> }
>
> static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
>  // Evaluate a top level expression into an anonymous function.
>  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
>    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
>      // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
>      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
>
>      // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a double) so
> we
>      // can call it as a native function.
>      double (*FP)() = (double (*)())FPtr;
>      fprintf(stderr, "Evaluated to %f\n", FP());
>    }
>  } else {
>    // Skip token for error recovery.
>    getNextToken();
>  }
> }
>
> /// top ::= definition | external | expression | ';'
> static void MainLoop() {
>  while (1) {
>    fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
>    switch (CurTok) {
>    case tok_eof:    return;
>    case ';':        getNextToken(); break;  // ignore top level
semicolons.
>    case tok_def:    HandleDefinition(); break;
>    case tok_extern: HandleExtern(); break;
>    default:         HandleTopLevelExpression(); break;
>    }
>  }
> }
>
>
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // "Library" functions that can be "extern'd" from
user code.
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> /// putchard - putchar that takes a double and returns 0.
> extern "C"
> double putchard(double X) {
>  putchar((char)X);
>  return 0;
> }
>
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
> // Main driver code.
>
>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>
> int main() {
>  InitializeNativeTarget();    // TVR added this code after reading llvm
> post
>  // Install standard binary operators.
>  // 1 is lowest precedence.
>  BinopPrecedence['<'] = 10;
>  BinopPrecedence['+'] = 20;
>  BinopPrecedence['-'] = 20;
>  BinopPrecedence['*'] = 40;  // highest.
>
>  // Prime the first token.
>  fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
>  getNextToken();
>
>  // Make the module, which holds all the code.
>  TheModule = new Module("my cool jit", getGlobalContext());
>
>  // Create the JIT.
>
>  TheExecutionEngine = EngineBuilder(TheModule).create();
>
>  {
>    ExistingModuleProvider OurModuleProvider(TheModule);
>    FunctionPassManager OurFPM(&OurModuleProvider);
>
>    // Set up the optimizer pipeline.  Start with registering info about how
> the
>    // target lays out data structures.
>    OurFPM.add(new TargetData(*TheExecutionEngine->getTargetData()));
>    // Do simple "peephole" optimizations and bit-twiddling
optzns.
>    OurFPM.add(createInstructionCombiningPass());
>    // Reassociate expressions.
>    OurFPM.add(createReassociatePass());
>    // Eliminate Common SubExpressions.
>    OurFPM.add(createGVNPass());
>    // Simplify the control flow graph (deleting unreachable blocks, etc).
>    OurFPM.add(createCFGSimplificationPass());
>
>    // Set the global so the code gen can use this.
>    TheFPM = &OurFPM;
>
>    // Run the main "interpreter loop" now.
>    MainLoop();
>
>    TheFPM = 0;
>
>    // Print out all of the generated code.
>    TheModule->dump();
>  }  // Free module provider (and thus the module) and pass manager.
>
>  return 0;
> }
> _______________________________________________
> LLVM Developers mailing list
> LLVMdev at cs.uiuc.edu         http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu
> http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/llvmdev
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Todd Rovito

2010-Feb-17 18:50 UTC

head link

[LLVMdev] Kaleidoscope toy4 failure seg fault on llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)

On Wed, Feb 17, 2010 at 6:29 AM, Conrado Miranda
<miranda.conrado at gmail.com> wrote:> First, you have to call llvm-g++ to use the llvm-gcc front end, but it
> doesn't matter here.I got the compile command from the Kaleidoscope documentation.


> I'd like to suggest that you use pastebin to put your code and the send
us
> the link, so that we can download it. The problem is that
TheExecutionEngine
> is set to NULL (maybe because of a previous error), but it will be really
> better if you use pastebin.Here is the pastbin:
http://pastebin.com/m167c96c2

Thanks for the help after some further investigation I realized that
there is a difference between the documentation for example 4 on the
web here:
      http://llvm.org/releases/2.6/docs/tutorial/LangImpl4.html
And the same example that comes with the llvm distribution that is
installed during the build process here:
     file:///Users/rovitotv/llvm/docs/llvm/html/tutorial/LangImpl4.html
(Of course you have to change your path for your installation).

Thanks for the help.
> On Wed, Feb 17, 2010 at 6:01 AM, Todd Rovito <rovitotv at gmail.com>
wrote:
>>
>> I am new to llvm so I might be missing a critical step.  My system is
>> Fedora 12 but this also happens in Mac OS X 10.6.2.  Here are the
>> steps I used to compile llvm:
>> export TARGETS=x86,x86_64,cpp
>> export INSTALLDIR=/home/rovitotv/llvm
>> ../llvm-2.6/configure --prefix=$INSTALLDIR --enable-bindings=none
>> --enable-targets=$TARGETS --enable-optimized
>> --with-llvmgccdir=$INSTALLDIR --with-llvm-externals=/home/rovitotv/
>> make ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1
>> make install
>>
>> To compile the llvm-gcc4.2-2.6 front end:
>> ../llvm-gcc4.2-2.6/configure --target=i686-pc-linux-gnu
>> --with-tune=generic --with-arch=pentium4 --prefix=/home/rovitotv/llvm/
>> --enable-llvm=/home/rovitotv/llvm/ --enable-languages=c,c++
>> make
>> make install
>>
>> Then I make sure that /home/rovitotv/llvm/bin is in my path.  At this
>> point I copy/paste the example in the tutorial chapter 4, please see
>> code below.  I have tried a few different commands to compile, here
>> are the variations:
>> g++ -g toy4_new_copy.cpp `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core
>> jit native` -O3 -o toy4
>>
>> g++ -g toy4.cpp `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit
>> interpreter native` -O2 -o toy4
>>
>> The compile completes with no errors or warnings.  When I execute the
>> program then enter the expression 4+5; I get a seg fault :-( Here is
>> sample gdb output from a recent run:
>>
>> (gdb) run
>> Starting program: /home/rovitotv/prog/llvm-tutorial/toy4
>> [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
>> ready> 4+5;
>>
>> Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
>> 0x080524f0 in llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)
>>    at
>> /home/rovitotv/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h:167
>> 167       const TargetData *getTargetData() const { return TD; }
>> Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.11-2.i686
>> libgcc-4.4.2-7.fc12.i686 libstdc++-4.4.2-7.fc12.i686
>> (gdb) bt
>> #0  0x080524f0 in llvm::ExecutionEngine::getTargetData (this=0x0)
>>    at
>> /home/rovitotv/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h:167
>> #1  0x0805201a in main () at toy4_new_copy.cpp:577
>> (gdb)
>>
>>
>> Any help you can provide would be much appreciated.  Thanks!
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
======================================================================================>>
#include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
>> #include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
>> #include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
>> #include "llvm/Module.h"
>> #include "llvm/ModuleProvider.h"
>> #include "llvm/PassManager.h"
>> #include "llvm/Analysis/Verifier.h"
>> #include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
>> #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
>> #include "llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h"
>> #include "llvm/Target/TargetSelect.h"    // TVR added this
line after
>> mailing list post
>> #include <cstdio>
>> #include <string>
>> #include <map>
>> #include <vector>
>> using namespace llvm;
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // Lexer
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> // The lexer returns tokens [0-255] if it is an unknown character,
>> otherwise one
>> // of these for known things.
>> enum Token {
>>  tok_eof = -1,
>>
>>  // commands
>>  tok_def = -2, tok_extern = -3,
>>
>>  // primary
>>  tok_identifier = -4, tok_number = -5,
>> };
>>
>> static std::string IdentifierStr;  // Filled in if tok_identifier
>> static double NumVal;              // Filled in if tok_number
>>
>> /// gettok - Return the next token from standard input.
>> static int gettok() {
>>  static int LastChar = ' ';
>>
>>  // Skip any whitespace.
>>  while (isspace(LastChar))
>>    LastChar = getchar();
>>
>>  if (isalpha(LastChar)) { // identifier: [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*
>>    IdentifierStr = LastChar;
>>    while (isalnum((LastChar = getchar())))
>>      IdentifierStr += LastChar;
>>
>>    if (IdentifierStr == "def") return tok_def;
>>    if (IdentifierStr == "extern") return tok_extern;
>>    return tok_identifier;
>>  }
>>
>>  if (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.') {   // Number:
[0-9.]+
>>    std::string NumStr;
>>    do {
>>      NumStr += LastChar;
>>      LastChar = getchar();
>>    } while (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.');
>>
>>    NumVal = strtod(NumStr.c_str(), 0);
>>    return tok_number;
>>  }
>>
>>  if (LastChar == '#') {
>>    // Comment until end of line.
>>    do LastChar = getchar();
>>    while (LastChar != EOF && LastChar != '\n'
&& LastChar != '\r');
>>
>>    if (LastChar != EOF)
>>      return gettok();
>>  }
>>
>>  // Check for end of file.  Don't eat the EOF.
>>  if (LastChar == EOF)
>>    return tok_eof;
>>
>>  // Otherwise, just return the character as its ascii value.
>>  int ThisChar = LastChar;
>>  LastChar = getchar();
>>  return ThisChar;
>> }
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // Abstract Syntax Tree (aka Parse Tree)
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> /// ExprAST - Base class for all expression nodes.
>> class ExprAST {
>> public:
>>  virtual ~ExprAST() {}
>>  virtual Value *Codegen() = 0;
>> };
>>
>> /// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like
"1.0".
>> class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
>>  double Val;
>> public:
>>  NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
>>  virtual Value *Codegen();
>> };
>>
>> /// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like
>> "a".
>> class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
>>  std::string Name;
>> public:
>>  VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
>>  virtual Value *Codegen();
>> };
>>
>> /// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
>> class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
>>  char Op;
>>  ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
>> public:
>>  BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
>>    : Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
>>  virtual Value *Codegen();
>> };
>>
>> /// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
>> class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
>>  std::string Callee;
>>  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
>> public:
>>  CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*>
&args)
>>    : Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
>>  virtual Value *Codegen();
>> };
>>
>> /// PrototypeAST - This class represents the "prototype" for
a function,
>> /// which captures its argument names as well as if it is an operator.
>> class PrototypeAST {
>>  std::string Name;
>>  std::vector<std::string> Args;
>> public:
>>  PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const
std::vector<std::string>
>> &args)
>>    : Name(name), Args(args) {}
>>
>>  Function *Codegen();
>> };
>>
>> /// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
>> class FunctionAST {
>>  PrototypeAST *Proto;
>>  ExprAST *Body;
>> public:
>>  FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body)
>>    : Proto(proto), Body(body) {}
>>
>>  Function *Codegen();
>> };
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // Parser
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> /// CurTok/getNextToken - Provide a simple token buffer.  CurTok is the
>> current
>> /// token the parser it looking at.  getNextToken reads another token
from
>> the
>> /// lexer and updates CurTok with its results.
>> static int CurTok;
>> static int getNextToken() {
>>  return CurTok = gettok();
>> }
>>
>> /// BinopPrecedence - This holds the precedence for each binary
operator
>> that is
>> /// defined.
>> static std::map<char, int> BinopPrecedence;
>>
>> /// GetTokPrecedence - Get the precedence of the pending binary
operator
>> token.
>> static int GetTokPrecedence() {
>>  if (!isascii(CurTok))
>>    return -1;
>>
>>  // Make sure it's a declared binop.
>>  int TokPrec = BinopPrecedence[CurTok];
>>  if (TokPrec <= 0) return -1;
>>  return TokPrec;
>> }
>>
>> /// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
>> ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) { fprintf(stderr, "Error:
%s\n",
>> Str);return 0;}
>> PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
>> FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
>>
>> static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
>>
>> /// identifierexpr
>> ///   ::= identifier
>> ///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
>> static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
>>  std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
>>
>>  getNextToken();  // eat identifier.
>>
>>  if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
>>    return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
>>
>>  // Call.
>>  getNextToken();  // eat (
>>  std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
>>  if (CurTok != ')') {
>>    while (1) {
>>      ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
>>      if (!Arg) return 0;
>>      Args.push_back(Arg);
>>
>>      if (CurTok == ')') break;
>>
>>      if (CurTok != ',')
>>        return Error("Expected ')' or ',' in
argument list");
>>      getNextToken();
>>    }
>>  }
>>
>>  // Eat the ')'.
>>  getNextToken();
>>
>>  return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
>> }
>>
>> /// numberexpr ::= number
>> static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
>>  ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
>>  getNextToken(); // consume the number
>>  return Result;
>> }
>>
>> /// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
>> static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
>>  getNextToken();  // eat (.
>>  ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
>>  if (!V) return 0;
>>
>>  if (CurTok != ')')
>>    return Error("expected ')'");
>>  getNextToken();  // eat ).
>>  return V;
>> }
>>
>> /// primary
>> ///   ::= identifierexpr
>> ///   ::= numberexpr
>> ///   ::= parenexpr
>> static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
>>  switch (CurTok) {
>>  default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an
expression");
>>  case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
>>  case tok_number:     return ParseNumberExpr();
>>  case '(':            return ParseParenExpr();
>>  }
>> }
>>
>> /// binoprhs
>> ///   ::= ('+' primary)*
>> static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
>>  // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
>>  while (1) {
>>    int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
>>
>>    // If this is a binop that binds at least as tightly as the current
>> binop,
>>    // consume it, otherwise we are done.
>>    if (TokPrec < ExprPrec)
>>      return LHS;
>>
>>    // Okay, we know this is a binop.
>>    int BinOp = CurTok;
>>    getNextToken();  // eat binop
>>
>>    // Parse the primary expression after the binary operator.
>>    ExprAST *RHS = ParsePrimary();
>>    if (!RHS) return 0;
>>
>>    // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after RHS,
>> let
>>    // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
>>    int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
>>    if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
>>      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
>>      if (RHS == 0) return 0;
>>    }
>>
>>    // Merge LHS/RHS.
>>    LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
>>  }
>> }
>>
>> /// expression
>> ///   ::= primary binoprhs
>> ///
>> static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
>>  ExprAST *LHS = ParsePrimary();
>>  if (!LHS) return 0;
>>
>>  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
>> }
>>
>> /// prototype
>> ///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
>> static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
>>  if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
>>    return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
>>
>>  std::string FnName = IdentifierStr;
>>  getNextToken();
>>
>>  if (CurTok != '(')
>>    return ErrorP("Expected '(' in prototype");
>>
>>  std::vector<std::string> ArgNames;
>>  while (getNextToken() == tok_identifier)
>>    ArgNames.push_back(IdentifierStr);
>>  if (CurTok != ')')
>>    return ErrorP("Expected ')' in prototype");
>>
>>  // success.
>>  getNextToken();  // eat ')'.
>>
>>  return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames);
>> }
>>
>> /// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
>> static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
>>  getNextToken();  // eat def.
>>  PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
>>  if (Proto == 0) return 0;
>>
>>  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
>>    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
>>  return 0;
>> }
>>
>> /// toplevelexpr ::= expression
>> static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
>>  if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
>>    // Make an anonymous proto.
>>    PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("",
std::vector<std::string>());
>>    return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
>>  }
>>  return 0;
>> }
>>
>> /// external ::= 'extern' prototype
>> static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
>>  getNextToken();  // eat extern.
>>  return ParsePrototype();
>> }
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // Code Generation
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> static Module *TheModule;
>> static IRBuilder<> Builder(getGlobalContext());
>> static std::map<std::string, Value*> NamedValues;
>> static FunctionPassManager *TheFPM;
>>
>> Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
>>
>> Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
>>  return ConstantFP::get(getGlobalContext(), APFloat(Val));
>> }
>>
>> Value *VariableExprAST::Codegen() {
>>  // Look this variable up in the function.
>>  Value *V = NamedValues[Name];
>>  return V ? V : ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
>> }
>>
>> Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
>>  Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
>>  Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
>>  if (L == 0 || R == 0) return 0;
>>
>>  switch (Op) {
>>  case '+': return Builder.CreateAdd(L, R, "addtmp");
>>  case '-': return Builder.CreateSub(L, R, "subtmp");
>>  case '*': return Builder.CreateMul(L, R, "multmp");
>>  case '<':
>>    L = Builder.CreateFCmpULT(L, R, "cmptmp");
>>    // Convert bool 0/1 to double 0.0 or 1.0
>>    return Builder.CreateUIToFP(L,
>> Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()), "booltmp");
>>  default: return ErrorV("invalid binary operator");
>>  }
>> }
>>
>> Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
>>  // Look up the name in the global module table.
>>  Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
>>  if (CalleeF == 0)
>>    return ErrorV("Unknown function referenced");
>>
>>  // If argument mismatch error.
>>  if (CalleeF->arg_size() != Args.size())
>>    return ErrorV("Incorrect # arguments passed");
>>
>>  std::vector<Value*> ArgsV;
>>  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
>>    ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
>>    if (ArgsV.back() == 0) return 0;
>>  }
>>
>>  return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV.begin(), ArgsV.end(),
>> "calltmp");
>> }
>>
>> Function *PrototypeAST::Codegen() {
>>  // Make the function type:  double(double,double) etc.
>>  std::vector<const Type*> Doubles(Args.size(),
>> Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()));
>>  FunctionType *FT >>
FunctionType::get(Type::getDoubleTy(getGlobalContext()), Doubles,
>> false);
>>
>>  Function *F = Function::Create(FT, Function::ExternalLinkage, Name,
>> TheModule);
>>
>>  // If F conflicted, there was already something named 'Name'.
 If it has
>> a
>>  // body, don't allow redefinition or reextern.
>>  if (F->getName() != Name) {
>>    // Delete the one we just made and get the existing one.
>>    F->eraseFromParent();
>>    F = TheModule->getFunction(Name);
>>
>>    // If F already has a body, reject this.
>>    if (!F->empty()) {
>>      ErrorF("redefinition of function");
>>      return 0;
>>    }
>>
>>    // If F took a different number of args, reject.
>>    if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
>>      ErrorF("redefinition of function with different #
args");
>>      return 0;
>>    }
>>  }
>>
>>  // Set names for all arguments.
>>  unsigned Idx = 0;
>>  for (Function::arg_iterator AI = F->arg_begin(); Idx !=
Args.size();
>>       ++AI, ++Idx) {
>>    AI->setName(Args[Idx]);
>>
>>    // Add arguments to variable symbol table.
>>    NamedValues[Args[Idx]] = AI;
>>  }
>>
>>  return F;
>> }
>>
>> Function *FunctionAST::Codegen() {
>>  NamedValues.clear();
>>
>>  Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
>>  if (TheFunction == 0)
>>    return 0;
>>
>>  // Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
>>  BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(getGlobalContext(),
"entry",
>> TheFunction);
>>  Builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);
>>
>>  if (Value *RetVal = Body->Codegen()) {
>>    // Finish off the function.
>>    Builder.CreateRet(RetVal);
>>
>>    // Validate the generated code, checking for consistency.
>>    verifyFunction(*TheFunction);
>>
>>    // Optimize the function.
>>    TheFPM->run(*TheFunction);
>>
>>    return TheFunction;
>>  }
>>
>>  // Error reading body, remove function.
>>  TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
>>  return 0;
>> }
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // Top-Level parsing and JIT Driver
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
>>
>> static void HandleDefinition() {
>>  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
>>    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
>>      fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
>>      LF->dump();
>>    }
>>  } else {
>>    // Skip token for error recovery.
>>    getNextToken();
>>  }
>> }
>>
>> static void HandleExtern() {
>>  if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
>>    if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
>>      fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
>>      F->dump();
>>    }
>>  } else {
>>    // Skip token for error recovery.
>>    getNextToken();
>>  }
>> }
>>
>> static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
>>  // Evaluate a top level expression into an anonymous function.
>>  if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
>>    if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
>>      // JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
>>      void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
>>
>>      // Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a
double)
>> so we
>>      // can call it as a native function.
>>      double (*FP)() = (double (*)())FPtr;
>>      fprintf(stderr, "Evaluated to %f\n", FP());
>>    }
>>  } else {
>>    // Skip token for error recovery.
>>    getNextToken();
>>  }
>> }
>>
>> /// top ::= definition | external | expression | ';'
>> static void MainLoop() {
>>  while (1) {
>>    fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
>>    switch (CurTok) {
>>    case tok_eof:    return;
>>    case ';':        getNextToken(); break;  // ignore top level
>> semicolons.
>>    case tok_def:    HandleDefinition(); break;
>>    case tok_extern: HandleExtern(); break;
>>    default:         HandleTopLevelExpression(); break;
>>    }
>>  }
>> }
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // "Library" functions that can be "extern'd"
from user code.
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> /// putchard - putchar that takes a double and returns 0.
>> extern "C"
>> double putchard(double X) {
>>  putchar((char)X);
>>  return 0;
>> }
>>
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>> // Main driver code.
>>
>>
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
>>
>> int main() {
>>  InitializeNativeTarget();    // TVR added this code after reading llvm
>> post
>>  // Install standard binary operators.
>>  // 1 is lowest precedence.
>>  BinopPrecedence['<'] = 10;
>>  BinopPrecedence['+'] = 20;
>>  BinopPrecedence['-'] = 20;
>>  BinopPrecedence['*'] = 40;  // highest.
>>
>>  // Prime the first token.
>>  fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
>>  getNextToken();
>>
>>  // Make the module, which holds all the code.
>>  TheModule = new Module("my cool jit", getGlobalContext());
>>
>>  // Create the JIT.
>>
>>  TheExecutionEngine = EngineBuilder(TheModule).create();
>>
>>  {
>>    ExistingModuleProvider OurModuleProvider(TheModule);
>>    FunctionPassManager OurFPM(&OurModuleProvider);
>>
>>    // Set up the optimizer pipeline.  Start with registering info about
>> how the
>>    // target lays out data structures.
>>    OurFPM.add(new TargetData(*TheExecutionEngine->getTargetData()));
>>    // Do simple "peephole" optimizations and bit-twiddling
optzns.
>>    OurFPM.add(createInstructionCombiningPass());
>>    // Reassociate expressions.
>>    OurFPM.add(createReassociatePass());
>>    // Eliminate Common SubExpressions.
>>    OurFPM.add(createGVNPass());
>>    // Simplify the control flow graph (deleting unreachable blocks,
etc).
>>    OurFPM.add(createCFGSimplificationPass());
>>
>>    // Set the global so the code gen can use this.
>>    TheFPM = &OurFPM;
>>
>>    // Run the main "interpreter loop" now.
>>    MainLoop();
>>
>>    TheFPM = 0;
>>
>>    // Print out all of the generated code.
>>    TheModule->dump();
>>  }  // Free module provider (and thus the module) and pass manager.
>>
>>  return 0;
>> }
>> _______________________________________________
>> LLVM Developers mailing list
>> LLVMdev at cs.uiuc.edu         http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu
>> http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/llvmdev
>
>

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